Study of Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark, Leaves, and Pericarp Extracts of Diploknema butyracea and Evaluation of Prospective Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of root bark, leaves, and pericarp extract of Diploknema butyracea and to evaluate the prospective antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, polyphenol, and carbohydrate content. The plant parts were collected and extracted by cold maceration, using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of different samples of D. butyracea in different solvents revealed the presence of varied extent of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, anthraquinones, tannin, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, carbohydrate, polyphenol, protein and amino acid, resin, and phytosterol. Our study showed that methanolic root bark extract exhibited the potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumonia with an average zone of inhibition of 17.33 mm, 14.33 mm, and 13.0 mm, respectively. Surprisingly, all of the extracts were insensitive to Escherichia coli. The lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 4.6 mg/ml, was observed with the aqueous pericarp extract against S. epidermidis and the highest was of 50 mg/ml shown by ethyl acetate pericarp against K. pneumonia. Our results showed that both the polar and nonpolar components present in the different parts of D. butyracea exhibit prominent antibacterial activities against different bacterial strains. The in vitro 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed that the methanol extract of root barks displayed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50 : 6.1 µg/ml). The total polyphenol content of the plant part extracts was observed between 19.48 ± 0.23 and 123.48 ± 1.84 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Likewise, flavonoid content ranged from 40.63 ± 1.28 µg to 889.72 ± 3.40 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract weight and total carbohydrate content ranged from 11.92 ± 0.60 µg to 174.72 ± 0.60 µg glucose equivalent per/mg dry extract weight. Overall, our study showed that the root bark, pericarp, and leaves extract of D. butyracea evinced prominent antibacterial properties against various pathogenic bacterial strains.

A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

“…On the other hand, the bark extract exhibited the highest amount of TPC and TFC amongst other tested extracts of D. malabarica . The results showed that methanol bark extract amongst other extracts could be more effective and fight against free radicals because antioxidant capability is determined by phytochemical contents as it was found in partial agreement of earlier report [ 47 , 48 ] which demonstrated that antioxidant potency of methanol bark extract of D. malabarica might be due to the greatest presence of well-known natural antioxidants such as polyphenol, tannins, and flavonoids. Of all phytochemicals, polyphenols are greatly identified as an antioxidant anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial agents [ 49 ].…”

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of tinospora cordifolia

“…However, antimicrobial activity was determined to below for B. sphaericus and P. vulgaris (Graph II). Similar findings were reported in stem, bark extracts of Lophira lanceolata [17] , stem extract of Diploknema butyracea [18] and stem extracts of Solanum khasianum [19] . The different concentrations of root butanolic extract (20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 60 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml) were tested for its antibacterial property with reference to the control (10 µg/ml).…”

Terpenoids and Bio-Functions of Essential Oils Hydrodistilled Differently from Freshly Immature and Mature Blumea balsamifera Leaves

“…DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay. Te free radical scavenging capacity of the EOs was estimated following the DPPH free radical method [19] with slight modifcations. Te DPPH solution was prepared by dissolving 2.4 mg of DPPH in 100 mL of absolute ethanol.…”