Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Different Extracts of Silybum marianum Collected from Duhok (Iraq)

Abstract

In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. collected from Duhok (Iraq) were determined. Ethanol, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the fruit part of plant were obtained. Antioxidant potential was determined with TAS and TOS kits using ethanol extracts. Antibacterial and antifungal activity were determined using agar dilution method. Antibacterial activity was determined against 6 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii). Antifungal activity was determined against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata. As a result of the studies, it was determined that plant extracts have high antioxidant activity. It was also found to be effective against bacteria at 25-400 µg/mL concentrations. Plant extracts were found to be more effective against gram negative bacteria. It was found to be effective against Candida species at 400-800 µg/mL concentrations. As a result, it was determined that the fruit parts of plant could be a natural antioxidant and antibacterial source.

Fig Vinegar as an Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent

“…There are numerous methods developed for the assessment of antioxidant activities of various materials (Sevindik et al, 2017;Mohammed et al, 2019). The outcomes of the methods based on the deactivation of radicals, such as DPPH and ABTS, differ inside reactions appearance and reaction kinetics (Layina-Pathirana et al, 2006;Mareček et al, 2017).…”

“…It is noted that the presence of sufficient amount of acid is essential to obtain high quality vinegars (Giudici et al, 2017). Different plant species and products are used in the treatment of diseases in many parts of the world (Sevindik et al, 2017;Mohammed et al, 2019;Pehlivan et al, 2018;Mohammed et al, 2020). Vinegar has long been used in both natural folk medicine and traditional medicine for treating a variety of diseases.…”

Silybum marianum L. TOHUMLARININ YAĞ ASİDİ KOMPOZİSYONU İLE TOHUM YAĞI VE SİLYMARİN EKSTRAKTININ ANTİMİKROBİYAL ETKİSİ

“…Similarly, the results of the antimicrobial activity of silymarin correlated with the findings of Mojgan and Roya (2016), who reported no significant effect on Gr (-) bacteria. Mohammed et al (2019) reported that antibacterial effects of S. marianum extracts were higher than antifungal effects and ethanol extracts have higher antimicrobial activity than methanol extracts. Unlike the results of our study, plant extracts have a higher antimicrobial effect against Gr (-) bacteria (Mohammed et al, 2019).…”

“…Mohammed et al (2019) reported that antibacterial effects of S. marianum extracts were higher than antifungal effects and ethanol extracts have higher antimicrobial activity than methanol extracts. Unlike the results of our study, plant extracts have a higher antimicrobial effect against Gr (-) bacteria (Mohammed et al, 2019). Similarly, neither silymarin nor seed oil has antifungal activity.…”

Determination of Heavy Metals in Locally Available Chocolates in Lahore Region

“…From all over the world billions of almost 1.5 situations of the run is happing every year, dominantly in the creations of nations, to have a sudden look upon almost 3 million of children aging 5 years. World Health Organisation (WHO) has assessed that 70% of dysentery scenes are caused by naturally defiled nourishment (Goldsteen et al, 2014;Mohammed et al, 2019).…”