Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antihypertension Inhibitory Potentials of Phenolic Rich Medicinal Plants

Abstract

Veronica (Plantaginaceae) and Schoenoplectus have a unique chemotaxonomic and phytochemical importance and are widely utilized in Turkish and Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCM) for treating tonics, influenza, diuretics, expectorants, restoratives, and respiratory diseases, and both are very useful in treating infectious and metabolic disorders as well. This study evaluates two medicinal plant species, Veronica biloba and Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla; extraction was performed through Soxhlet and maceration methods as well as determination of free and bound phenolics. Evaluated biological screening of (extracts and phenolics) angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), Type-II diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), and antioxidants potential was performed using modified assays. The angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) 50% inhibition potential in Veronica biloba was found at IC50 = 210.68 μg/mL and in Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla at IC50 = 229.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile Type-II diabetes with α-amylase 50% inhibition shown by bound phenolics of Veronica biloba at IC50 = 219.66 µg/mL and its water extract at IC50 = 110.09 µg/mL possesses higher potential, and α-glucosidase potential by free phenolics was found to be active at IC50 = 469.56 µg/mL, while water and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher potential, IC50 = 78.65 µg/mL and IC50 = 97.03 µg/mL, than the standard acarbose, recorded lower. In case of amylase, α-glucosidase showed IC50 = 88.73 μg/mL. Our results showed that both plants possess a direct relationship with the increase in the concentration of extracts and inhibited very strongly angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and Type-II diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase). The properties of enzyme hindrance may be associated with phenolic compounds and rich phenolic plant antioxidant potential provides a route to the elucidation of natural antihypertension and antidiabetes.

In Vitro Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition Test on Extract Dayak Onion Herb (Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr. ex K. Heyne)

“…Flavonoids are potential antihypertensive agents because their structure flavonoids have C2-C3 double bond, ACE inhibitory activity, and can be used to manage hypertension disorder in pregnant women (27,28). This research indicates that 70% ethanol extract of Dayak onion herb has the potential as an antihypertensive agent to inhibit ACE.…”

“…Apple skin extract has a high content of flavonoids and exhibits inhibitory activity against the ACE, with an IC50 value was 49 ppm (12). ACE Inhibitory activity of Veronica biloba and Schoenoplectus triqueter was found at IC50 values of 210.68 and 229.40 ppm, respectively (27). 70% ethanol extract of Dayak onion herb has a stronger ACE inhibitory activity than these V. biloba and S. triqueter extracts.…”

Dietary phenolic compounds as promising therapeutic agents for diabetes and its complications: A comprehensive review

“…By lowering serum levels of interferon (IFN) and helper T (Th) 1 cell percentage, resveratrol treats glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mice caused by pristine (Wang, Luo, et al., 2014 ). Apigenin is found to reduce the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) (Hassan et al., 2022 ) and therefore might be a useful remedy for inflammatory conditions in a mouse model that is prone to lupus. The inhibition of enzyme activity in CD4 + T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages leads to the suppression of IFN‐γ and IL‐1 and IL‐17 mediated pro‐inflammatory cell hyperactivation.…”

<em>Lathyrus Aphaca</em> Extract MnO Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

“…The resulting soaked extract is filtered using a standard filter paper (Whatman filter paper) to obtain a concentrated methanolic extract through solvent evaporation. Subsequently, the extract is further concentrated to achieve the desired dry extract for subsequent processing [16][17][18][19][20].…”