Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Anti-Enzymatic Capacities, Nutritional Analysis and UHPLC-PDA-MS Characterization of Ungurahui Palm Fruits (Oenocarpus bataua Mart) from the Peruvian Amazon

Abstract

Ungurahui, or Patawa, fruits are a popular fruit and medicinal food used in the Amazon. Here, we have studied nine natural populations of ungurahui from the Peruvian Amazon regarding their nutritional and biological activities, including metal composition, proximal analyses, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibition activities. Twenty-four compounds have been detected in these Peruvian natural populations by UHPLC-MS, including nine phenolic acids (peaks 1–6, 8, 9 and 11), four C-glycosyl flavonoids (peaks 12, 16, 17 and 18), two flavonols (peaks 7 and 10), one flavanol (peak 15), three anthocyanins (peaks 13, 14 and 22) and five resveratrol derivatives (peaks 19–21, 23 and 24). Sample 9, Tunaants, showed the highest DPPH clearing capacity regarding the content of Trolox equivalents (2208.79 μmol Trolox/g), but an ORAC test of the sample collected in San Lorenzo showed the highest clearing activity (1222.28 μmol Trolox/g) and the sample collected in Allpahuayo Mishana showed the most powerful ABTS (1803.72 μmol Trolox/g). The sample from Jenaro Herrera was the most powerful in AChe inhibition (IC50 2.05 ± 0.03 μg/mL), followed by the sample from Contamana (IC50 2.43 ± 0.12 μg/mL). In BChE inhibition, the sample from Palestina was the most active (4.42 ± 0.06 μg/mL), followed by samples from Tunaants and San Lorenzo. The differences among bioactivities can be related to the different growing conditions of the populations of ungurahui. The palm tree fruit proved to be a good source of natural antioxidants and dietary fatty acids, and their consumption represents an alternative for the prevention of neurodegenerative or related non-chronic transmittable diseases.

Chemical Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, and Enzymatic Inhibition of Canelo (Drimys winteri J. R. Forst. & G. Forst, (D.C) A. Gray, Family Winteraceae) Fruits

“…Procedures established by the AOAC were employed in all determinations [ 8 , 9 ]. Moisture content was acquired by drying the fresh fruit samples using an oven at a constant weight.…”

“…Results are expressed in g per 100 g fresh weight (g/100 g fw). For the mineral content, the spice was dried to ash at 550 °C [ 9 ]. The ash was boiled with 20% hydrochloric acid (10 mL) and then filtered and fit to 100 mL with deionized water.…”

UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries

“…Moreover, the diterpene ent-labda-8,13-E-diene-15-ol isolated from this source was highly cytotoxic (GI 50 , 4.5 ± 0.1 µM), more than the reference drug cisplatin (GI 50 , 4.9 ± 0.2 µM) [4]. Several extracts from Antarctic lichens also showed the good inhibition of those enzymes [5] and some of their isolated phenolic compounds such as usnic acid, barbatolic acid, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methylphthalide, and atranol, [6], while from native fruits, we can mention the recent study of ungurahui palm datils extracts, which were potent in AChe inhibition (IC 50 2.05 ± 0.03 µg/mL, a sample from the Jenaro Herrera location in Peru) and highly antioxidant (ABTS 1803.72 µmol Trolox/g, for the sample collected in Allpahuayo Mishana, Peru) [7]. In addition, a previous study by some of us demonstrated that samples from Geoffroea decorticans Burkart, fruits from a plant from the Atacama Desert, inhibited α-glucosidase (IC 50 0.8-7.3 µg/mL) and lipase (9.9 to >100 µg/mL) [8].…”

Valor Nutricional Y Capacidad Antioxidante De Cuatro Frutos De Palmeras Nativas De La Amazonía Peruana

“…En cuanto a materia insaponificable, todos los aceites presentaron valores bajos, concordante con lo reportado para aceites extraídos de pulpas de frutos (Quispe et al, 2009). Con respecto al perfil de ácidos grasos, para los cuatro aceites se observa la presencia en forma mayoritaria del ácido oleico (51,40-80,65%), seguido del ácido palmítico (14,77-23,53%), porcentajes similares a los reportados anteriormente para estas especies (Mosquera et al, 2013;Sotero et al, 2013;Vargas-Arana et al, 2022). Cabe destacar el buen contenido de ácido linoleico para O. mapora, con un porcentaje (18,65%), muy superior a lo reportado anteriormente para esta especie (Mosquera et al, 2013).…”

“…Existen varios reportes de O. bataua, E. oleracea y E. precatoria, donde son considerados como súper frutas, debido a su alto contenido en aceites, polifenoles y vitaminas, que a su vez les proporcionan una alta actividad antioxidante (Rezaire et al, 2014;Cardona et al, 2013). La pulpa de O. bataua es considerada un alimento altamente nutritivo por su buen contenido de proteína, tocoferoles y aceite saludable, siendo el oleico ω-9 el ácido graso mayoritario (Darnet et al, 2011), presenta buena actividad antioxidante y su consumo puede contribuir a la prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (Vargas-Arana et al, 2022). En el caso de O. mapora, existe poca información reportada sobre los frutos de esta especie, recientemente Muñoz et al (2022) reporta que el aceite del fruto extraído por diferentes métodos, presenta propiedades similares al del aceite de oliva, así como una buena actividad antioxidante que está relacionado con su contenido de fenoles totales.…”