Antioxidant Contributors in Seed, Seed Coat, and Cotyledon of γ-ray-Induced Soybean Mutant Lines with Different Seed Coat Colors

Abstract

The development of soybean with high antioxidant activities for use in the food and cosmetics industries is a target of breeding programs. In soybean, antioxidants are associated with seed color, although the metabolic basis for seed coloration remains incompletely understood. We selected six γ-ray-induced mutant lines that exhibited black, partially black, brown, partially brown, or yellowish-white pigmentation in the seed coat. Antioxidant activity and contents of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and isoflavones were evaluated in the seed coat and cotyledons. The lines with black or brown seeds showed the highest antioxidant activities. The cotyledons showed no significant differences in seed coat components or antioxidant activities among lines. Black and brown seed coat components showed the highest antioxidant activities. The black seed coat contained five anthocyanins, whereas seed coats of brown- and yellow-seeded lines entirely lacked anthocyanins. Both black and brown seeds were rich in flavan-3-ols, including catechin and epicatechin, which were the predominant antioxidant contributors in brown seeds. Isoflavone contents showed weaker correlations with antioxidant activity than anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols. These results demonstrated that antioxidant activities were determined by anthocyanins in black seeds and flavan-3-ols in brown and black seeds, whereas relatively low antioxidant activities in yellow seeds reflected their high isoflavone contents.

Changes in Quercetin Derivatives and Antioxidant Activity in Marigold Petals (Tagetes patula L.) Induced by Ultraviolet-B Irradiation and Methyl Jasmonate

“…The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity as described by Lim et al [ 43 ] and Duan et al [ 44 ] with slight modification. Briefly, 1.0 mM AAPH and 2.5 mM 2,2′-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride were mixed with 1× phosphate-buffered saline and heated at 70 °C for 30 min.…”

Protein, Amino Acid, Oil, Fatty Acid, Sugar, Anthocyanin, Isoflavone, Lutein, and Antioxidant Variations in Colored Seed-Coated Soybeans

“…The significant linear correlations ( Table 4 ) between different variables of antioxidants found in the present study were similar to those observed in previous studies. Positive correlation between phenolic contents and DPPH [ 35 , 60 ], DPPH and ABTS [ 14 ], and ABTS and total phenolic [ 18 ]. Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (especially isoflavones) and anthocyanins found in soybeans serve as antioxidants [ 13 , 27 ].…”

“…Both black and brown soybeans contain abundant flavan-3-ols, including catechin and epicatechin, which are the major antioxidants in brown-seeded soybean [ 18 ]. Catechins have drawn attention owing to their potential roles in several activities, including antibacterial [ 19 ], anti-inflammatory [ 20 ], and antioxidative activities [ 21 , 22 ], and could also possess the anti-carcinogenic effect [ 23 ].…”

Thermal Control Using Far-Infrared Irradiation for Producing Deglycosylated Bioactive Compounds from Korean Ginseng Leaves

“…After the reaction for 30 min in the dark, the absorbance was measured at 517 nm. Next, the ABTS radical-scavenging ability was measured, as described by Lim et al [ 45 ] with some modifications. Briefly, 0.5 mL of sample solutions at different concentrations were taken in a test tube and 5 mL of the prepared ABTS solution was added.…”