Antioxidant effect of glutathione on promoting 2-keto-<scp>l</scp>-gulonic acid production in vitamin C fermentation system

Huang, Mao; zhang, yao; Yao, Shuo; Ma, Dianrong; Yu, Xiaodan; Zhang, Qilu; Lyu, Shuxia

doi:10.1111/jam.14052

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The addition of siderophores also upregulated the expression of genes sod at 32 and 52 h and katA at 12 h and 32 h in K. vulgare . Superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenges ROS, and catalase (CAT) decomposes hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [31]. NADPH quinone reductase (MdaB) has been reported to maintain cellular resistance against oxidative stress and gene expression of MdaB was upregulated to remove lipid peroxidation [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 2-KLG fermentation process, the addition of various nutritional factors (e.g., glutathione, [31] gelatin [32], and rare earth elements [33]) affect the fermentation efficiency. Although some biomolecules (i.e., amino acids, antioxidant enzymes, vitamin B) have been reported to promote the growth and 2-KLG production of K. vulgare based on omics research, there are some metabolites that have not been mentioned [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In K. vulgare, 2-KLG production is coupled with the respiratory chain by the presence of cytochrome c [5], and oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibits the growth and 2-KLG production of K. vulgare [31]. Iron participates in a wide range of electron transfer reactions and partial proteins that have iron-containing cofactors, such as antioxidant enzymes and L-sorbosone dehydrogenase (SNDH) acting in primary and secondary metabolism pathways [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Siderophores of Bacillus pumilus promote 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid production in a vitamin C microbial fermentation system

et al. 2022

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The precursor of vitamin C, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), is bio-converted from L-sorbose by a microbial consortium of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and a helper strain (Bacillus spp.). Most helper strains produce siderophores. To understand the effects of siderophores on promoting 2-KLG yield, the siderophores of Bacillus pumilus SY-A9 were purified and added to a monoculture fermentation system of K. vulgare 25B-1. The results revealed that the titer of 2-KLG reached 7.18 g/L within 60 h and increased by 71.45% when the added concentration of siderophores was 500 µg/L. Moreover, the increased production of 2-KLG was accompanied by the overexpressed iron uptake system-related genes, electron transfer chain-related genes, ATP synthesis enzyme-related genes, antioxidant enzyme-related genes, and 2-KLG producing enzyme-related genes, which reduced oxidative stress and ensured the normal energy metabolism of K. vulgare 25B-1. This study demonstrated that siderophores of the helper strain play a key role in the enhancement of 2-KLG biosynthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Siderophores of Bacillus pumilus promote 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid production in a vitamin C microbial fermentation system

et al. 2022

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“…43 Ma et al observed that addition of glutathione (GSH) promotes the transport of thiamin (vitamin B 1 )/thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), 46,47 enhances the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and PPP pathway, and enhances cell resistance of K. vulgare to reactive oxygen species (ROS), rendering the strain better for growth and 2-KGA production under reducing environmental conditions. 48 In addition, a comparison of the growth of K. vulgare Hbe602 on various carbon sources (L-sorbose, D-mannitol, Dsorbitol, D-fructose, and D-glucose) revealed the possible presence of related metabolic pathways for D-sorbitol utilization, 40 with the observed growth showing the following trend: D-sorbitol > D-mannitol > L-sorbose > D-glucose > Dfructose. A minor quantity of 2-KGA was obtained when Dsorbitol was employed as a carbon source, suggesting that the metabolic pathway for conversion of D-sorbitol to 2-KGA exists in K. vulgare Hbe602.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Key Strains Employed In the Classic Two-s...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ma et al observed that addition of glutathione (GSH) promotes the transport of thiamin (vitamin B 1 )/thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), , enhances the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and PPP pathway, and enhances cell resistance of K. vulgare to reactive oxygen species (ROS), rendering the strain better for growth and 2-KGA production under reducing environmental conditions …”

Section: Characteristics Of Key Strains Employed In the Classic Two-s...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in 2-Keto-l-gulonic Acid Production Using Mixed-Culture Fermentation and Future Prospects

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be acquired through our diet. At present, the precursor of vitamin C, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA), is typically produced via a two-step fermentation process utilizing three bacterial strains. The second step of this traditional two-step fermentation method involves mixed-culture fermentation employing 2-KGA-producing bacteria (Ketogulonicigenium vulgare) along with associated bacteria. Because K. vulgare has defects in various metabolic pathways, associated bacteria are needed to provide key substances to promote K. vulgare growth and 2-KGA production. Unlike previous reviews where the main focus was the interaction between associated bacteria and K. vulgare, this Review presents the latest scientific research from the perspective of the metabolic pathways associated with 2-KGA production by K. vulgare and the mechanism underlying the interaction between K. vulgare and the associated bacteria. In addition, the dehydrogenases that are responsible for 2-KGA production, the 2-KGA synthesis pathway, strategies for simplifying 2-KGA production via a one-step fermentation route, and, finally, future prospects and research goals in vitamin C production are also presented.

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Metabolic engineering of Aspergillus niger for accelerated malic acid biosynthesis by improving NADPH availability

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Biotechnology Journal

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Microbial production of L‐malic acid from renewable carbon sources has attracted extensive attention. The reduced cofactor NADPH plays a key role in biotransformation because it participates in both biosynthetic reactions and cellular stress responses. In this study, NADPH or its precursors nicotinamide and nicotinic acid were added to the fermentation medium of Aspergillus niger RG0095, which significantly increased the yield of malic acid by 11%. To further improve the titer and productivity of L‐malic acid, we increased the cytoplasmic NADPH levels of A. niger by upregulating the NAD kinases Utr1p and Yef1p. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that overexpression of Utr1p and Yef1p reduced oxidative stress, while also providing more NADPH to catalyze the conversion of glucose into malic acid. Notably, the strain overexpressing Utr1p reached a malate titer of 110.72 ± 1.91 g L−1 after 108 h, corresponding to a productivity of 1.03 ± 0.02 g L−1 h−1. Thus, the titer and productivity of malate were increased by 24.5% and 44.7%, respectively. The strategies developed in this study may also be useful for the metabolic engineering of fungi to produce other industrially relevant bulk chemicals.

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Antioxidant effect of glutathione on promoting 2-keto-l-gulonic acid production in vitamin C fermentation system

Abstract: Glutathione is proved to be effective to relieve oxidative stress. The promotion effects of GSSG and GSH on 2-KGA production could help to further explore the optimization of co-culture fermentation process for Vc industrial production.

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Siderophores of Bacillus pumilus promote 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid production in a vitamin C microbial fermentation system

Siderophores of Bacillus pumilus promote 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid production in a vitamin C microbial fermentation system

Recent Advances in 2-Keto-l-gulonic Acid Production Using Mixed-Culture Fermentation and Future Prospects

Metabolic engineering of Aspergillus niger for accelerated malic acid biosynthesis by improving NADPH availability

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