Antioxidant Expression Response to Free Radicals in Active Men and Women Fallowing to a Session Incremental Exercise; Numerical Relationship Between Antioxidants and Free Radicals

Abstract

BackgroundEnergy production is a necessary process to continue physical activities, and exercise is associated with more oxygen consumption and increase of oxidative stress. what seems important is the numerical relationship between antioxidant and free radicals. Although the activity of some enzymes increases with physical activities, but it is possible that gene expression of this enzyme is not changed during exercise.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant enzymes gene expression and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in men and women affected by a session of incremental exercise and to carefully and numerically assess the relationship between MDA changes and gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes.Materials and Methods12 active men and 12 active women (21 - 24 years old) participated voluntarily in this study. Peripheral blood samples were taken from the subjects in three phases, before and after graduated exercise test (GXT) and 3 hours later (recovery).ResultsThe gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) enzyme increased significantly in women in the recovery phase (P < 0.05). Catalase gene expression significantly increased in men in both phases (immediately & recovery) (P < 0.05). But the changes in active women were only significant immediately after the exercise. TAC levels increased significantly in men in the recovery phase and in active women immediately after the exercise (P < 0.05). MDA activity also increased significantly in men in both phases (P < 0.05). However, in women the increase was significant only in the recovery phase (P < 0.05). There was a reverse relationship between changes in MnSOD and copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) levels and MDA in men (P < 0.05). In active women there was also a significant relationship between changes in MDA and gene expression of Cu/ZnSOD and TAC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe increase in free radicals during incremental exercises challenges gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, despite the negative effects of free radicals, in women, activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes respond appropriately to free radicals.

Anaerobic Exercise-Induced Activation of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Blood of Women and Men

“…Research by Baghaiee et al (2016) , which compared the resting gene expression in lymphocytes for antioxidant enzyme proteins in women and in men, showed higher mRNA expression for MnSOD in women, but without significant gender-related differences in gene expression for Cu/ZnSOD and CAT. Total plasma antioxidant capacity was higher in women ( Baghaiee et al, 2016 ).…”

“…After the gradual cycling exercise performed by young physically active people, a significant increase in CAT gene expression was found in the lymphocytes of the males, both directly after exercise and three hours after its completion, which resulted in increased TAC in the blood plasma. In the group of active women, there was an increase in TAC in the blood plasma and activation of the CAT gene expression in lymphocytes only directly after the graded exercise, while the level of mRNA for MnSOD in lymphocytes raised as late as 3 h after exercise ( Baghaiee et al, 2016 ). Similar in women and men, and in our study, the decreases of SOD and CAT activity in the blood plasma, respectively, after 800 and 1,500 m races at 10 km/h, were reported by Pepe et al (2009) .…”

Effect of scuba diving on the oxidant/antioxidant status, SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression in recreational divers after a winter nondive period

“…However, taking into account that the observed decrease in CAT mRNA levels was small, its biological significance should be considered with caution. On the other hand, some studies recorded the increase of antioxidant enzymes gene expression in lymphocytes or PBMCs after prolonged intensive exercise or longer period of regular physical activity[25][26][27]. Since in our study, the gene expression was assessed after only one scuba dive in the duration of 30 min, there is a possibility that consecutive diving in a longer period can cause the same response.Antioxidant defense activation mechanisms are generally unknown.…”

Pemberian tempe menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim superoxide dismutase (SOD) pada tikus dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi

“…Terjadi peningkatan kadar MDA plasma dikarenakan tingginya aktivitas yang dilakukan setiap hari selama 30 hari, mengakibatkan terjadinya ketidakseimbangan antara jumlah antioksidan dan radikal bebas di dalam tubuh. Jumlah antioksidan akan sangat dipengaruhi oleh jumlah radikal bebas yang terbentuk di dalam tubuh selama aktivitas fisik tinggi (Baghaiee et al 2016). Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya bahwa pada kelompok dengan aktivitas fisik yang berlebih memiliki rata-rata kadar MDA paling tinggi (Arsana 2014).…”