Abstract:Tin‐based perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties and suitable band gaps are promising candidates for the preparation of efficient lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is challenging to prepare highly stable and efficient tin‐based PSCs because Sn2+ in perovskites can be easily oxidized to Sn4+ upon air exposure. Here we report the fabrication of air‐stable FASnI3 solar cells by introducing hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid or its salt as an antioxidant additive into the perovskite prec… Show more
“…[32] The device based on the stable FASnI 3 layer displays high responsivity in a broad wavelength region from 300 to 1000 nm with the maximum responsivity and gain over 10 5 A W −1 and 10 5 , respectively, at a low working voltage. Pristine FASnI 3 is unstable in air because Sn 2+ can be easily oxidized to Sn 4+ .…”
Section: Doi: 101002/advs201900751mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the toxicity of Pb and the lack of internal gain mechanism in typical perovskites significantly hinder their practical applications. [32] The sulfonate group in KHQSA interacts with Sn 2+ ion to form a SnCl 2 -KHQSA complex layer and induce in situ encapsulation of perovskite grains. The device shows broadband response from ultraviolet to near-infrared light with a responsivity up to 10 5 A W −1 and a high gain at a low operating voltage.…”
Section: Doi: 101002/advs201900751mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We consider that the low photoresponse of the MAPbI 3 device is attributed to the trapping of both photogenerated electrons and holes in the perovskite layer by crystal defects and grain boundaries. [32,45] This is because TRPL can only measure radiative recombination lifetime. Most of traps are already filled with holes and, consequently, the photogenerated holes can conduct current in the valence band.…”
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising functional materials for high‐performance photodetectors. However, the toxicity of Pb and the lack of internal gain mechanism in typical perovskites significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, a low‐voltage and high‐performance photodetector based on a single layer of lead‐free Sn‐based perovskite film is reported. The device shows broadband response from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light with a responsivity up to 10
5
A W
−1
and a high gain at a low operating voltage. The outstanding performance is attributed to the high hole mobility, p‐doping nature, and excellent optoelectronic properties of the Sn‐based perovskite. Moreover, the device is assembled on a flexible substrate and demonstrates both high sensitivity and good bending stability. This work demonstrates a route for realizing nontoxic, low‐cost, and high‐performance perovskite photodetectors with a simple device structure.
“…[32] The device based on the stable FASnI 3 layer displays high responsivity in a broad wavelength region from 300 to 1000 nm with the maximum responsivity and gain over 10 5 A W −1 and 10 5 , respectively, at a low working voltage. Pristine FASnI 3 is unstable in air because Sn 2+ can be easily oxidized to Sn 4+ .…”
Section: Doi: 101002/advs201900751mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the toxicity of Pb and the lack of internal gain mechanism in typical perovskites significantly hinder their practical applications. [32] The sulfonate group in KHQSA interacts with Sn 2+ ion to form a SnCl 2 -KHQSA complex layer and induce in situ encapsulation of perovskite grains. The device shows broadband response from ultraviolet to near-infrared light with a responsivity up to 10 5 A W −1 and a high gain at a low operating voltage.…”
Section: Doi: 101002/advs201900751mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We consider that the low photoresponse of the MAPbI 3 device is attributed to the trapping of both photogenerated electrons and holes in the perovskite layer by crystal defects and grain boundaries. [32,45] This is because TRPL can only measure radiative recombination lifetime. Most of traps are already filled with holes and, consequently, the photogenerated holes can conduct current in the valence band.…”
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising functional materials for high‐performance photodetectors. However, the toxicity of Pb and the lack of internal gain mechanism in typical perovskites significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, a low‐voltage and high‐performance photodetector based on a single layer of lead‐free Sn‐based perovskite film is reported. The device shows broadband response from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light with a responsivity up to 10
5
A W
−1
and a high gain at a low operating voltage. The outstanding performance is attributed to the high hole mobility, p‐doping nature, and excellent optoelectronic properties of the Sn‐based perovskite. Moreover, the device is assembled on a flexible substrate and demonstrates both high sensitivity and good bending stability. This work demonstrates a route for realizing nontoxic, low‐cost, and high‐performance perovskite photodetectors with a simple device structure.
“…h) Stability of the unencapsulated pristine and KHQSA‐modified solar cells in air (RH = 20%) in the dark. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH.…”
Section: Strategies For High Performancementioning
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved state‐of‐the‐art efficiency, approaching monocrystalline silicon solar cells due to the superior optoelectronic properties and intensive research efforts, fulfilling its forthcoming commercial use at affordable costs. Nevertheless, the toxicity of lead (Pb) is still one of the obstacles hindering future large‐scale production. Herein, the recent progress of emerging lead‐free tin (Sn)‐based PSCs is reviewed. First, the structural and photovoltaic‐related properties of Sn‐based perovskites are summarized. Following a brief introduction of film deposition methods, strategies recently adopted to obtain high performance are then discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and prospective opportunities are provided to help the further progression of Sn‐based PSCs.
“…However, SnF 2 tends to form a separate phase in the film owing to agglomeration, which influences carrier mobility . Besides, solvent engineering containing Lewis adducts and formation of a transitional tin iodide‐dimethyl sulfoxide (SnI 2 ‐DMSO) intermediate phase are effective way to inhibit oxidation of Sn 2+ and decrease the perovskite crystallization rate, resulting in high‐quality 3D Sn‐based perovskite films . Nevertheless, the perovskite films degraded rapidly when exposed to ambient atmosphere, and encapsulation is a necessary for subsequent analysis.…”
1,4‐butanediamine (BEA) is incorporated into FASnI3 (FA=formamidinium) to develop a series of lead‐free low‐dimensional Dion–Jacobson‐phase perovskites, (BEA)FAn−1SnnI3n+1. The broadness of the (BEA)FA2Sn3I10 band gap appears to be influenced by the structural distortion owing to high symmetry. The introduction of BEA ligand stabilizes the low‐dimensional perovskite structure (formation energy ca. 106 j mol−1), which inhibits the oxidation of Sn2+. The compact (BEA)FA2Sn3I10 dominated film enables a weakened carrier localization mechanism with a charge transfer time of only 0.36 ps among the quantum wells, resulting in a carrier diffusion length over 450 nm for electrons and 340 nm for holes, respectively. Solar cell fabrication with (BEA)FA2Sn3I10 delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.43 % with negligible hysteresis. The devices can retain over 90 % of their initial PCE after 1000 h without encapsulation under N2 environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
