Antioxidant Plant Polyphenols and Cognitive Disorders

Nowak, Dariusz

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_26

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Polyphenols can thus influence differentiation and apoptosis, cell survival (inhibition of apoptosis), inflammatory response, learning and memory, and reduction of amyloid plaque formation. Polyphenols can affect the activation of glial cells in brain, which are the residence of macrophages, via inhibiting the inflammation mediated by macrophages through the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha) formation [ 32 ].…”

Section: Polyphenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neuroprotection of polyphenols can be assigned to the improvement of cerebral blood flow via stimulation of NO formation in the endothelium and inhibition of platelet aggregation [ 32 ].…”

Section: Polyphenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in the brain there is a low activity of catalase, insufficient activities of glutathione peroxidase (both enzymes decompose hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides) and superoxide dismutase (decomposes superoxide anion radical to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen), and higher level of iron ions and ascorbic acid (together they form optimal conditions for formation of very toxic hydroxyl radical) in comparison to other cells. These facts increase the susceptibility of brain to oxidative and peroxidative damages to biomolecules [ 25 , 32 ].…”

Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric Disorders and Polyphenols: Can They Be Helpful in Therapy?

Trebatická

Ďuračková

2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The prevalence of psychiatric disorders permanently increases. Polyphenolic compounds can be involved in modulation of mental health including brain plasticity, behaviour, mood, depression, and cognition. In addition to their antioxidant ability other biomodulating properties have been observed. In the pathogenesis of depression disturbance in neurotransmitters, increased inflammatory processes, defects in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and redox imbalance are observed. Ginkgo biloba, green tea, and Quercus robur extracts and curcumin can affect neuronal system in depressive patients. ADHD patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, especially stimulants, report significant adverse effects; therefore, an alternative treatment is searched for. An extract from Ginkgo biloba and from Pinus pinaster bark, Pycnogenol, could become promising complementary supplements in ADHD treatment. Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder, with oxidative stress involved in its pathophysiology. The direct interference of polyphenols with schizophrenia pathophysiology has not been reported yet. However, increased oxidative stress caused by haloperidol was inhibited ex vivo by different polyphenols. Curcumin, extract from green tea and from Ginkgo biloba, may have benefits on serious side effects associated with administration of neuroleptics to patients suffering from schizophrenia. Polyphenols in the diet have the potential to become medicaments in the field of mental health after a thorough study of their mechanism of action.

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Section: Polyphenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyphenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric Disorders and Polyphenols: Can They Be Helpful in Therapy?

Trebatická

Ďuračková

2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Phenolic acids account for about one-third of the total dietary intake of polyphenols: flavonoids account for the remaining two-thirds [1]. They have various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities [1][2][3][4]. Epidemiological 2 of 15 studies revealed inverse relationship between the risk of cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasm, diabetes, osteoporosis and the consumption of a polyphenolic rich diet [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence of Caffeic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence That Dietary Polyphenols Can Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Humans

et al. 2020

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Epidemiological data indicate that a diet rich in plant polyphenols has a positive effect on brain functions, improving memory and cognition in humans. Direct activity of ingested phenolics on brain neurons may be one of plausible mechanisms explaining these data. This also suggests that some phenolics can cross the blood-brain barrier and be present in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. We measured 12 phenolics (a combination of the solid-phase extraction technique with high-performance liquid chromatography) in cerebrospinal fluid and matched plasma samples from 28 patients undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture due to neurological disorders. Homovanillic acid, 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and caffeic acid were detectable in cerebrospinal fluid reaching concentrations (median; interquartile range) 0.18; 0.14 µmol/L, 4.35; 7.36 µmol/L and 0.02; 0.01 µmol/L, respectively. Plasma concentrations of caffeic acid (0.03; 0.01 µmol/L) did not correlate with those in cerebrospinal fluid (ρ = −0.109, p = 0.58). Because food (fruits and vegetables) is the only source of caffeic acid in human body fluids, our results indicate that the same dietary phenolics can cross blood-brain barrier in humans, and that transportation of caffeic acid through this barrier is not the result of simple or facilitated diffusion.

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“…They play an important role in adsorbing and neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Moreover, phenols may act as chelators for the transition of metal ions Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Cu 2+ that are involved in the conversion of H 2 O 2 into OH • and stimulation of lipid peroxidation [ 24 ]. Prooxidative or antioxidative activities of the phenolic fraction from fruits of H. rhamnoides and their biological significance remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippophae rhamnoides L. Fruits Reduce the Oxidative Stress in Human Blood Platelets and Plasma

Olas

Kontek

Malinowska

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Effects of the phenolic fraction from Hippophae rhamnoides fruits on the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, a marker of lipid peroxidation) and the generation of superoxide anion (O2 −∙) in human blood platelets (resting platelets and platelets stimulated by a strong physiological agonist, thrombin) were studied in vitro. We also examined antioxidant properties of this fraction against human plasma lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation induced by a strong biological oxidant, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or H2O2/Fe (a donor of hydroxyl radicals). The tested fraction of H. rhamnoides (0.5– 50 µg/mL; the incubation time: 15 and 60 min) inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2 or H2O2/Fe. The H. rhamnoides phenolic fraction inhibited not only plasma lipid peroxidation, but also plasma protein carbonylation stimulated by H2O2 or H2O2/Fe. Moreover, the level of O2 −∙ in platelets significantly decreased. In comparative experiments, the H. rhamnoides fraction was a more effective antioxidant than aronia extract or grape seed extract (at the highest tested concentration, 50 µg/mL). The obtained results suggest that H. rhamnoides fruits may be a new, promising source of natural compounds with antioxidant and antiplatelet activity beneficial not only for healthy people, but also for those with oxidative stress-associated diseases.

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Antioxidant Plant Polyphenols and Cognitive Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 92 publications

Psychiatric Disorders and Polyphenols: Can They Be Helpful in Therapy?

Psychiatric Disorders and Polyphenols: Can They Be Helpful in Therapy?

The Presence of Caffeic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence That Dietary Polyphenols Can Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Humans

Hippophae rhamnoides L. Fruits Reduce the Oxidative Stress in Human Blood Platelets and Plasma

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