Antioxidant potential and amino acid analysis of underutilized tropical fruit Limonia acidissima L.

Abstract

Objective: Limonia acidissima L. an underutilized edible fruit was evaluated for its antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging ability, proximate and amino acid analysis using established in vitro assay models. Methods: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, nitric oxide radical (NO) scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity (TAA) were carried out. The total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid contents (TF) of the extracts were determined and expressed as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents. Results: The highest percentage of phenol and flavonoid contents were observed in methanol and the lowest content was found in chloroform extract. Also, methanol extract recorded higher activity in DPPH , HRSA, FRAP and TAA whereas, ethyl acetate extract of the fruit was found to be active for ABTS þ radical scavenging activity. Further, water extract of the fruit exhibited potentially high nitric oxide radical scavenging activity than other solvent extracts. Moreover, the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit extract significantly correlated with antioxidant capacity. Amino acid analysis revealed that among, all essential amino acids, the concentrations of isoleucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were found to be present in higher amounts. Conclusion: Positive correlation was observed between polyphenolic contents and the antioxidant capacities. It is evident from the study that the fruit possess potent antioxidant activity with enormous health benefits and thus may be used in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Limonia Acidissima L. (Wood Apple) as Feed Additive Enhanced Growth Performance, Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Indian Major Carp, Catla Catla (Ham.) Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection

“…The bioactive compounds present in Limonia acidissima Fruit acts as antioxidants in a number of ways. The phenolics compounds are attributed by their hydroxyl groups in the termination reaction to rupture the cycle of generation of new radicals 68 , while the polyphenol and flavanoids have therapeutic uses due to their stronger antioxidant properties 34 . Respiratory burst involves the synthesis of intracellular superoxide anion that is quantified by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay 26 .…”

“…The fruit has high nutritive value and contains important phyto constituents such as flavonoid, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, tannins, coumarins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, vitamins and amino acids [30][31][32][33] . Recent studies show that the fruit consist of essential amino acids, wound healing and has rich antioxidant properties 34 . Our earlier studies reported that supplementing L. acidissima in fish diets stimulated the growth performance of fresh water carps Cyprinus carpio and Cirrhinus mrigala 35 .…”

FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF WOOD APPLE LIQUOR (Limonia acidissima L.)

“…Lấy mẫu đem đi trích li bằng methanol 70% (1:10) ủ hai giờ để trong bóng tối, sau đó pha loãng (1:10) cho vào ống nghiệm, thêm vào 0,5 ml thuốc thử Folin-Ciocalteu, lắc đều. Sau ba phút thêm vào 2 ml dung dịch Na 2 CO 3 20%, lắc đều, ủ trong nước sôi 100 o C trong một phút và làm lạnh nhanh, sau đó lắc đều và đo độ hấp thu ở bước sóng 450 nm [12].…”

Evaluation of nootropic activity of Limonia acidissima against scopolamineinduced amnesia on rats

“…The herbal plant Limonia acidissima is one of the important herbal drugs u n c o r r e c t e d p r o o f used in Ayurvedic systems of medicine [23] . It is also used against variety of conditions such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiarrhoeal, anticancer, diuretic, hepatoprotective, antispermatogenic, antioxidant, anti diabetic and wound healing activities [24,25] .…”