Antioxidant Properties of Oral Antithrombotic Therapies in Atherosclerotic Disease and Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

The thrombosis-related diseases are one of the leading causes of illness and death in the general population, and despite significant improvements in long-term survival due to remarkable advances in pharmacologic therapy, they continue to pose a tremendous burden on healthcare systems. The oxidative stress plays a role of pivotal importance in thrombosis pathophysiology. The anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs commonly used in the management of thrombosis-related diseases show several pleiotropic effects, beyond the antithrombotic effects. The present review aims to describe the current evidence about the antioxidant effects of the oral antithrombotic therapies in patients with atherosclerotic disease and atrial fibrillation.

The Lipid-Lowering Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Combination Including Leucoselect Phytosome, Red Yeast Rice, Policosanol and Folic Acid in Dyslipidaemia Patients: Real-World Insights

“…However, whether this effect extends to compounds derived from RYR remains a matter of debate [ 66 ]. The inflammation plays a key role in the genesis of CVD [ 7 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ] and cardiovascular drugs with pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects showed a beneficial impact on cardiovascular mortality [ 7 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. The results of our study suggest that nutraceutical combination of leucoselect ® phytosome ® , red yeast rice, policosanol and folic acid is effective in term of LDL-C serum level reduction and shows an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing both the CPR and PLA2.…”

“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include several heterogeneous conditions mainly due to the atherosclerosis and are considered the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide to date [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Atherosclerosis is a complex immuno-inflammatory process in which the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) plays a role of pivotal importance in the genesis, progression and rupture of the lipid plaque; this latter condition may lead to thrombus formation, myocardial infarction and stroke [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The role of LDL-C as a causal factor in atherosclerosis is widely acknowledged.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Malignancy

“…In the era of precision medicine, the pleiotropic effects of anticoagulants are of significant interest and should be considered alongside drug–drug interactions and benefit/risk balance of drugs. Unfortunately, clinical data for direct anticancer effects are still lacking [ 125 , 126 ]. The “Thrombin Inhibition Preoperatively (TIP) in early breast cancer” is a clinical trial aiming to determine whether 14 days of a preoperative oral factor Xa inhibitor (rivaroxaban) in estrogen-receptor-negative early breast cancer patients results in inhibition of tumor proliferation determined by a reduction in tumor Ki67 from baseline (pre-treatment) to 14 days post treatment start (at the time of surgical excision).…”

Albumin Thiolation and Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Aortic Valve Stenosis

“…Indeed, besides its antiplatelet activity, the treatment with ASA is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular events and a slowdown in the progression of atherosclerosis [40]. In addition, it has been reported that ASA exhibits radical scavenging and antioxidant properties [41][42][43][44]. In particular, ASA administration protects low-density lipoproteins from oxidative modifications [45], the vascular wall from oxygen radical damage [46], and prevents protein oxidation by acetylation of amino groups of lysine residues [47] or scavenging hydroxyl radicals [48].…”