Antioxidant Properties of Pinus koraiensis Needle Powder Extracts as Influenced by Drying Methods

Abstract

Korean pine needles have long been used in traditional Korean herbal medicine. Hence, pine needle extract was prepared as powder using 50% ethanol extraction followed by various drying methods such as hot-air drying, vacuum drying, and freeze drying. With these extracts, the effects of the drying methods on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities were assessed. As a result, vacuum drying resulted in the highest yield, whereas hot-air dried extract contained the least amount of total phenolic compounds. However, the extracts by hot-air drying showed the highest amount of total flavonoids in comparison with the extracts obtained by other drying methods (p<0.05). In case of freeze dried samples, there was much stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities than in other samples (p<0.05). The nitrate scavenging activities of all samples at high acidic conditions were higher than 80%, and that of the vacuum dried sample showed a significantly higher value (p<0.05). t-Cinnamic acid was the major phenolic acid regardless of drying method applied.

Effects of the Appropriate Addition of Antioxidants from Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis Extracts on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation

“…An analysis of the general components of P. densiflora revealed the following: moisture content, 53.48 ± 0.60%; crude protein content, 5.57 ± 0.86%; crude fat content, 5.16 ± 0.44%; crude ash content, 1.19 ± 0.20%; and crude fiber content, 11.32 ± 0.98% [38]. For M. canadensis, the water content was found to be 81.95 ±1.60%, crude protein content 1.25 ± 0.98%, crude fat content 0.40 ± 0.41%, ash content 2.05 ± 0.75%, and crude fiber content 2.48 ± 0.56% [39].…”