Antioxidant responses of Triticum aestivum plants to petroleum-derived substances

Abstract

Winter common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were cultivated on petroleum products contaminated soils with and without using biopreparation ZB-01. We determined the impact of soil contamination with petrol, diesel fuel and engine oil on selected antioxidant enzymes and the levels of antioxidants in the leaves of winter wheat. The impact of petroleum products on selected morphological characteristics of the plants, levels of nutrients and heavy metals was also assessed. Winter wheat was relatively resistant to soil contamination with petroleum products, and did not show a significant impact on the morphological characteristics of the plants. The levels of nutrients and heavy metals in the plants depended on the type of pollutant and the analyzed component.‬ Biopreparation ZB-01 generally resulted in an increase in calcium levels in the plants.‬ The winter wheat plants growing in soil contaminated with engine oil were characterized by higher levels of zinc, lead, manganese and cadmium than the control plants.‬ Biopreparation applied to the soil contaminated with petrol resulted in a slight increase in the levels of lead and zinc in the plants.‬ The petroleum products affected the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of antioxidants in the plants.‬ The general markers of soil contaminated with diesel fuel and petrol were POD activity and proline levels. Use of the ZB-01 biopreparation caused an increase in the levels of proline and -SH groups and an increase in the levels of carbon and calcium in the plants and had no effect on the morphological characteristics of plants.‬

Soil Pollution by Petroleum-Derived Substances and its Bioremediation: The Effect on Aphis fabae Scop. Infestation and Antioxidant Response in Vicia faba L.

“…Both the oils (EO and DF) and P led to a more than a twofold decrease of the activity of CAT. Similar regularities in the application of oils were noted in the study by Rusin et al [14], where the test plant was winter wheat and the measurements were obtained four years after the instance of soil contamination. Tabassum et al [48] showed an almost threefold decrease in the activity of CAT in the aboveground parts of Mirabilis jalapa under the effect of used engine oil at a 2% concentration, which also corresponds to our results.…”

“…Marti et al [15] noted the lover activity of POD in the leaves of alfalfa growing on the soil contaminated by sediments from a refinery containing major quantities of hydrocarbons. However, Rusin et al [14], in their experiments on winter wheat, noted reversed relationships, i.e., the increase of the POD activity by nearly 20% under the effect of DF and P, and the decrease by 20% in the case of EO. The obtained discrepancies are indicative of the fact that the activities of antioxidative enzymes in plants depend on many factors, such as plant species, tissues analysed, and the conditions of the experiments, for example, pollutant concentration, and the type of pollutant [15,[52][53][54].…”

“…In our experiment, we noted a reverse relationship, that is, all PDSs applied caused significant decreases in the content of proline in the leaves of broad bean plants. In the studies performed by Rusin et al [14] pertaining to the effects of PDSs upon the antioxidant responses in winter wheat, it was found that EO causes a significant decrease in the proline content in the leaves of plants, while DF and P cause its increase. Nadgórska-Socha et al [30] emphasised that the content of that antioxidant depends on the species of plant.…”

“…No significant effect of PDSs upon the content of non-protein thiol groups was found. The data concerning the effect of PDSs and heavy metal soil contamination upon the content of -SH groups is discrepant depending on the species of plant and the kind of contaminant [14,26,51,58]. Sulphur-containing molecules occur in many plant cells where they perform a multitude of various functions, owing to which they can be independently regulated.…”

“…with the standard PN-ISO 22155: 2013) and C 12 -C 36 hydrocarbons (in acc. with the standard PN-EN ISO 16703: 2011) was made [14]. The amount of C 12 -C 36 hydrocarbons was still much greater in the soil polluted with EO and DF than in the control soil (1000 mg kg −1 in EO, 750 mg kg −1 in DF and <6 mg kg −1 in control).…”