Antioxidant therapy (lycopene and green tea extract) in periodontal disease: A promising paradigm

Abstract

Background:Increased oxidative stress has emerged as one of the prime factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, antioxidant therapy may become a promising tool in the treatment of periodontal disease. Uric acid (UA) being a major antioxidant in saliva can be used as a marker to assess the total antioxidant capacity.Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of orally administered antioxidants (lycopene and green tea extract) on periodontal health and salivary UA levels in gingivitis patients as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP).Materials and Methods:Thirty systemically healthy participants having generalized gingivitis were randomly distributed into two groups. Control group participants received full mouth oral prophylaxis, while test group participants received oral lycopene and green tea extract (CLIK®) for 45 days along with complete oral prophylaxis. Plaque index (PI), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), and salivary UA levels were evaluated at baseline and 45 days after SRP. Data were analyzed with t-test, using SPSS software (PASW, Windows version 18.0).Results:Both treatment groups demonstrated statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction in plaque and SBI. After treatment, a highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.001) in the test group and significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the control group was observed for salivary UA levels. Posttreatment comparison between test and control group delineated statistically significant results in PI (P ≤ 0.001), SBI (P ≤ 0.001), and salivary UA levels (P ≤ 0.01).Conclusion:Lycopene with green tea extract may prove to be a promising adjunctive prophylactic and therapeutic modality in the treatment of gingivitis patients. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the additive effect of antioxidants with routine oral prophylaxis therapy.

Impact of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) on periodontitis and caries. Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of the remaining 47 papers, 21 were excluded because they were not relevant to the subject of the study. The remaining 26 papers were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 18 of these were included in the meta-analysis [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

A Mediterranean Diet Intervention Reduces the Levels of Salivary Periodontopathogenic Bacteria in Overweight and Obese Subjects

“…In this respect, some in vitro studies showed that dietary polyphenols such as theaflavins, typical of tea, markedly inhibit the proteinase activities of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent manner (44), thus limiting the adhesion capacity of these species in the oral cavity. Similarly, catechins and ellagic acids other than those in tea, coffee, and pomegranates, such as those contained in many fruits and vegetables as well as nuts typical of an MD, have been shown to inhibit the growth of Prevotella intermedia (45)(46)(47). Likewise, cranberry juice constituents were previously shown to contrast the proteolytic activity of T. denticola (48), while pomegranate juice inhibited the biofilm formation of the same bacterium (49).…”

A Comparative Analysis of Three Antioxidants in Addition to Scaling and Root Planing in Stage Three Grade B Periodontitis

“…Periodontal disease (PDD) is an inflammatory state characterized by continuous loss of attachment apparatus, leading to the loss of teeth. There are multiple factors responsible for periodontal disease, including periodontal pathogens and oxidative stress [ 1 ]. Pathogens causing PDD are Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ), Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( A. actinomycetemcomitans ), Prevotella intermedia ( P. intermedia ), etc.…”

“…The primary cause of the pathogenesis of periodontitis is an increase in oxidative stress. Hence, antioxidant therapy can improve periodontal health [ 1 ].…”