Antioxidants as therapeutics in the intensive care unit: Have we ticked the redox boxes?

Margaritelis, Nikos V.

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.004

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, it remains unknown whether OS is a consequence or the causative factor for some pulmonary diseases. Therefore, antioxidant treatment may not be an effective approach to modify disease progression although it may be able to alleviate OS-related symptoms ( Margaritelis, 2016 ).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Nutritional Status In Respiratory Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ROS and Nutritional Antioxidants in Human Diseases

et al. 2018

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The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the development of various chronic and degenerative diseases such as cancer, respiratory, neurodegenerative, and digestive diseases. Under physiological conditions, the concentrations of ROS are subtlety regulated by antioxidants, which can be either generated endogenously or externally supplemented. A combination of antioxidant-deficiency and malnutrition may render individuals more vulnerable to oxidative stress, thereby increasing the risk of cancer occurrence. In addition, antioxidant defense can be overwhelmed during sustained inflammation such as in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. Certain antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin D, are essential in regulating biochemical pathways that lead to the proper functioning of the organs. Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to attenuate endogenous antioxidant depletion thus alleviating associated oxidative damage in some clinical research. However, some results indicate that antioxidants exert no favorable effects on disease control. Thus, more studies are warranted to investigate the complicated interactions between ROS and different types of antioxidants for restoration of the redox balance under pathologic conditions. This review highlights the potential roles of ROS and nutritional antioxidants in the pathogenesis of several redox imbalance-related diseases and the attenuation of oxidative stress-induced damages.

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Section: Oxidative Stress and Nutritional Status In Respiratory Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ROS and Nutritional Antioxidants in Human Diseases

et al. 2018

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“…Due to the prominent role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, a possible therapeutic intervention can be based on the consumption of supplementary or natural antioxidants for relieving the symptoms of these pathologies . It has to be considered that antioxidants are not cell‐specific molecules; therefore, they often display low efficiency as therapeutic agents for NDs . Creation of targeted delivery systems for antioxidants could improve their availability at the proper location, without altering healthy cells …”

Section: Organic Antioxidants As Possible Therapeutic Agents In Neuromentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases

Martinelli

Pucci

Battaglini

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still incurable and only symptomatic treatments are available. Oxidative stress is suggested to be a common hallmark, being able to cause and exacerbate the neuronal cell dysfunctions at the basis of these pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairments, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell membrane damages, and apoptosis induction. Several antioxidant compounds are tested as potential countermeasures for CNS disorders, but their efficacy is often hindered by the loss of antioxidant properties due to enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient blood–brain barrier crossing efficiency. To overcome the limitations of antioxidant molecules, exploitation of nanostructures, either for their delivery or with inherent antioxidant properties, is proposed. In this review, after a brief discussion concerning the role of the blood–brain barrier in the CNS and the involvement of oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative diseases, the most interesting research concerning the use of nano‐antioxidants is introduced and discussed, focusing on the synthesis procedures, functionalization strategies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and on recent clinical trials.

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“…As such, the use of a non-selective antioxidant such as ascorbate may have negligible effects on cutaneous vasodilation depending on the relative concentrations of these competing ROS being produced, with each mechanism producing opposing effects on cutaneous vessel tone. Further, while in vitro studies show that ascorbate can scavenge ROS such as superoxide, it is important to note that direct evidence for this effect in humans is limited (Margaritelis, 2016). In addition, specific antioxidant enzymes often display more favorable reaction kinetics with various types of ROS that may influence cutaneous vasodilation such as superoxide, NO, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite (Cobley et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%