Antioxidative Defence Mechanisms in Bovine Placenta and their Importance for Placental Release

Kankofer, Marta

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0531.2000.00220.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The remaining cows that have not shed the afterbirth by 24 h, will be unable to shed until its cotyledon attachments have putrefied. There is growing evidence that overproduction of reactive oxygen species may contribute to a number of disturbances of the metabolism, resulting in the appearance of disorders such as RFM (Kankofer, 2000). Thus, it was reasonable to investigate whether vitamin E supplementation is related to a reduction of the risk for RFM.…”

Section: Mastitis -The Indirect Evidence (Immunity Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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Although vitamin E has been known as an essential nutrient for almost 80 years, we are far from a complete understanding of all the aspects related to bioavailability and its effects on health and milk quality in dairy cows. Vitamin E is a generic descriptor for two families of lipid-soluble compounds, the tocopherols and the tocotrienols, of which a-tocopherol has the highest biological activity. Commercially available a-tocopherol supplements for dairy cows contain either the natural RRR form or the synthetic (all-rac) form, which contains all the eight possible stereoisomers (four possessing the 2R and four possessing the 2S configuration) in equimolar amounts. Recent data clearly suggest that an almost complete discrimination against the 2S isomers occurs in dairy cows. Thus, 1 g of the all-rac form is essentially equivalent to 0.5 g of the RRR form. With respect to the effect of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows on health and milk quality, the majority of published studies suggests that vitamin E supplementation at the level 1000 to 4000 IU/cow per day during the dry period reduces both the frequency of intramammary infection and that of clinical mastitis and improves milk quality, as shown by a reduction in the levels of somatic cell count (SCC)/ml in milk, decreased plasmin activity and increased oxidative stability of milk. However, a recent study from the Netherlands suggested that vitamin E supplementation at the 3000 IU/cow per day level during the dry period when combined with high levels of plasma vitamin E at dry-off (.14.5 mmol/l) increases the incidence of mastitis. Data from previously unpublished survey studies and those from published vitamin E feeding trials, in which high levels of blood vitamin E were observed, were reanalyzed. All farms selected for the analysis implemented oral administration of vitamin E at the 3000 IU/cow per day level throughout or during the late dry period (4 weeks before the expected day of parturition). Dairy cows were divided into three groups, depending on blood a-tocopherol levels at dry-off: high (.6.25 mg/ml), medium (between 6.25 and 4.25 mg/ml) and low (,4.25 mg/ml). Data indicate that there were no differences in the incidence of mastitis and in the level of SCC/ml of milk between the three groups. Thus, supplementation of 3000 IU vitamin E/cow per day in the late dry period remains recommended because it is generally associated with decreased risk of mastitis. Conditional or opposite effects have not been repeated and require further research before changing recommendations for vitamin E supplementation.

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Section: Mastitis -The Indirect Evidence (Immunity Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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“…Post‐partum uterine diseases, such as retained foetal membranes (RFM), endometritis or metritis have a major impact on dairy farms economy (Laven and Peters, ), as they are associated with poor fertility and decreased milk production, on top of the treatment costs. The aetiology of these diseases is not fully understood, but as retained placentas showed impaired antioxidant activity (Kankofer, ) and increased oxidative damage (Kankofer, ); it has been hypothesized that OS plays a key role in the improper release of the afterbirth. However, the effectiveness of vitamin E supplementation in reducing RFM incidence is controversial, with half of the studies demonstrated positive effects of vitamin E, whereas the other half showed no benefit (Politis, ).…”

Section: Benefits Of Antioxidant Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the oxidative status of dairy cattle in the periparturient period: revisiting antioxidant supplementation

Abuelo

Hernández

Benedito

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

197

157

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SummaryDairy cows are especially vulnerable to health disorders during the transition period, when they shift from late pregnancy to the onset of lactation. Diseases at this stage affect not only the animals' well-being, but also cause a major economic impact in dairy farms, because apart from treatment costs, affected cows will not reach their peak milk-producing capacity. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, which has been identified as an underlying factor of dysfunctional inflammatory responses. Supplementation with vitamins and trace elements attempts to minimize the harmful consequences of excessive ROS production, thereby trying to improve animals' health status and to reduce disease incidence. However, results regarding the effects of supplementing antioxidants on dairy cows' health and performance have been inconsistent, because in most cases, the antioxidant potential of the animals was not assessed beforehand and the nutritional strategy planned accordingly. Therefore, reviewing the physiological and harmful effects of ROS production, along with the different options available for assessing the redox balance in dairy cattle and some of the key findings of different supplementation trials, could bring one step forward the on-farm application of determinations of oxidative status for establishing nutritional strategies early enough in the dry period that could improve transition cow health.

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“…Cu-Zn-SOD, the main antioxidative enzyme, catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide, which is constantly formed during aerobic metabolism (Klotz et al 2003). Cu is also necessary for enzymatic action of ceruloplasmin, which has an antioxidant effect (Kankofer 2000). Cu and Zn may stimulate the synthesis of the metalothioneins -proteins having antioxidant properties (Klotz et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Szczubiał

Dąbrowski

Bochniarz

et al. 2019

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The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the uterine tissues in diagnosis of canine pyometra. Fourteen samples of uterine tissues from female dogs with pyometra and twelve samples of healthy uteruses (control) were used. The concentrations of GSH and vitamin C were determined in the uterine tissue homogenates using spectrophotometric methods. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. The results obtained showed the significantly lower (p<0.05) concentration of GSH and the trend towards lower concentration of vitamin C in the pyometra samples compared to the control. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were similar in the uterine tissues from female dogs with pyometra and those from healthy female dogs. The lower GSH and vitamin C concentrations in the uterine tissues of female dogs with pyometra indicate that the non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms are impaired in the uterus of dogs with pyometra. These findings suggest that the imbalance of oxidative-antioxidative can play an important role in pathogenesis of canine pyometra.

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Antioxidative Defence Mechanisms in Bovine Placenta and their Importance for Placental Release

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

The importance of the oxidative status of dairy cattle in the periparturient period: revisiting antioxidant supplementation

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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