Antiparasitic Activity of Myrrh Crude Extract and Myrrh Volatile Oil Compared to Albendazole Against Trichinella Spiralis Muscular Larvae in Vitro

Abd-ELrahman, Salwa Mahmoud; Dyab, Ahmed K.; Mahmoud, Amal; Mostafa, Shymaa M.; Elossily, Nahed Ahmed

doi:10.21608/jesp.2020.113052

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Results obtained herein agree with previous study [ 31 ], which reported that eugenol and methyl isoeugenol exhibited an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations against infective larvae of four of major ovine gastrointestinal nematodes Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei , Teladorsagia circumcincta , and Trichostrongylus vitrinus . This is in agreement with [ 32 ], which reported that myrrh either as crude extracts or volatile oil had promising in vitro larvicidal activities against T. spiralis larvae in comparison with albendazole in a dose–time-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the current study, the electron microscopy scans showed severe destruction of both larvae and adult worm, marked cuticle swelling, areas with fissures and blebs, and severe and mild smoothing of annulations at higher concentrations of eugenol- and albendazole-treated groups, respectively. SEM results agreed with a former study on myrrh where T. spiralis muscle larvae treated with crude myrrh extract caused extensive cuticle damage [ 32 ]. The findings additionally agree with results that proved the ability of Graviola extract to destruct the adult worm of T. spiralis’ cuticle, accompanied by cuticle swelling and vesicles formation, blebbing, as well as loss of annulations [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

ElGhannam

Dar²,

ElMehlawy³

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Trichinosis is a foodborne parasitic infection that results from ingestion of raw or under-cooked pork meat infected by parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis with cosmopolitan distribution. Anthelmintic drugs are used to eliminate intestinal adult parasites and larvae as well as tissue-migrating newborn and in-turn encysted larvae. However, eliminating the infection or averting it from transmission is rarely possible using anthelmintic groups of benzimidazole derivatives. Eugenol (EO) is the main extracted constituent of clove oil (80–90%) and is responsible for its aroma. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of eugenol on both adult and muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis in vitro. IC50 for different concentrations of eugenol were calculated for both muscle larvae (187.5 µM) and adults (190.4 µM) to determine the accurate dose range. Both the nematode stages were cultured in the commonly used RPMI-1640 media in 24-well plates. Different concentrations of eugenol (122, 305, 609, 1218, and 3045 µM) were administered in different groups of larvae/adults. The parasitological parameters were monitored after 1, 3, 6, 10, 24 h for each EO concentration in concomitant with the control groups. Reference chemotherapeutic anthelminthic drug “albendazole” (at dose 377 µM) was experimentally grouped in triplicates as positive control and the untreated as negative control, respectively. Mortality was observed where time-dependent adult stages were less susceptible than muscle larvae. Eugenol achieved 100% efficacy against T. spiralis larvae and killed the total larvae after 10 and 24 h at concentrations of 1218 and 3045 µM, the same as albendazole’s effect on the positive control group. In regard to adults, resembling muscle larvae (ML), a significant effect of both concentrations at p < 0.0001 was obtained, and the concentration × time interaction was significant at p < 0.0001. Furthermore, the treated/untreated adult and muscle larvae were collected and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Massive destruction of parasite burden was observed, especially at high concentrations (1218 and 3045 µM). In addition, complete and mild loss in cuticular striation in both the treated and positive controls were confirmed by SEM, respectively, in comparison to the control untreated group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

ElGhannam

Dar²,

ElMehlawy³

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Trichinellosis is a perilous zoonotic parasitic disease of public health importance (Abd-ELrahman et al, 2020). Worldwide, approximately 11 million individuals and over 150 mammalian species as well as birds and reptiles have been infected by T. spiralis (Salama et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Clinicopathological alterations in mice experimentally infected with Trichenella spiralis and the Nematocidal effect of Tannic acid and Albendazole

Swilam

Nasreldin²,

Abd-Elrahman³

et al. 2022

New Valley Veterinary Journal

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Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is one of the parasitic nematodes of a highly zoonotic importance. It infects various vertebrates, including human. In this study eighty (n =80) Swiss albino mice were experimentally infected by T. spiralis to assess the nematocidal activity of tannic acid (TA) and albendazole (ABZ) individually or in combination during the intestinal phase of T. spiralis. Mice were divided into 10 equal groups 8 mice for each, (control): noninfected but received saline, (ABZ): non-infected and treated with ABZ 50 mg/kg, (TA1000): non-infected and treated with TA1000 µg/ml, (TA2000): non-infected and treated with TA2000 µg/ml, (ABZ+TA2000): non-infected and treated with ABZ 50 mg/kg + TA2000 µg/ml , (TS): infected non treated, (TS+ABZ) group: infected and treated with ABZ 50mg/kg, (TS+TA1000): infected and treated with TA1000 µg/ml, (TS+TA2000): infected and treated with TA2000 µg/ml and (TS+ABZ+TA2000): infected and treated with ABZ 50mg/kg + TA2000 µg/ml. Mice were sacrificed at 7 th day post infection. Results demonstrated significant reductions in the adult worm count in TS+TA1000, TS+ABZ, TS+ TA2000 and TS+ABZ+TA2000 with efficacies of 91%, 92%, 92% & 99% respectively. Results were confirmed by histopathological examination of the targeted organs. The degree of necrosis was decreased in treated groups, associated with reduction in the percentage of eosinophils. Elevated concentrations of serum ALT, AST, and urea in the infected group were decreased in treated groups, while albumin and glucose were increased.It was concluded that the combined albendazole-tannic acid therapy had the highest effect on reducing parasite burden and restoring normal histological architecture.

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“…Interestingly, the larvae percent reduction due to myrrh was the highest compared to albendazole and garden cress. A work published by Abd-Elrahman et al (2020) reported the superiority of albendazole in killing the larvae, in vitro, compared to myrrh. This contradiction may be mainly attributed to the difference in the solvents utilized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic changes of Trichinella spiralis treated by Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum, and Albendazole: in vitro study

Abuelenain¹,

Fahmy²,

El-Shennawy³

et al. 2022

Helminthologia

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Summary Trichinellosis is a nematode-causing disease distinguished by its continuous transmission in the carnivores and omnivores. Despite effective eradication of the enteral forms, conventional drugs fail to eliminate the migrating and muscle ones. Over the past years, researchers intensified the work on herbal medicines as alternatives or aids to albendazole, the reference drug. This research hypothesizes that the therapeutic agent absorption route could be an evidence-based carrier molecule or auxiliary drug to albendazole. Accordingly, this in vitro study was designed to investigate mainly the phenotypic changes induced by a mono-treatment of albendazole, Lipidium sativum (garden cress), and Commiphora molmol (myrrh). Incredibly, no data were reported on the morphological alterations of T. spiralis larvae treated by any of these drugs. The experimental design tested various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) of each herbal medicine for the lethal effects on the parasite forms for a day (1, 12, and 24h). The data showed that the highest significant mortality rate of the parasite forms was in favor of the concentration 200 μg/ml of both plant extracts in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, albendazole at 200 μg/ml dose was tested in parallel, and all experimental groups were compared to non-treated muscle larvae and worms. Albendazole-treated worms accounted for the least significant (p<0.001) survival rate (2 %), followed by myrrh (5 %), and the adverse was valid for the survival rate of the muscle larvae at that time. None of the larvae/worms was alive after 24 hours of incubation with the 200μg/ml of either treatment. The scanning electron microscope investigation of the experimental groups provided a shred of evidence for different routes of taking up the candidate drugs by the parasite. In conclusion, the results of the previous work in vivo and current in vitro study recommend myrrh over garden cress as a complementary agent of albendazole.

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Antiparasitic Activity of Myrrh Crude Extract and Myrrh Volatile Oil Compared to Albendazole Against Trichinella Spiralis Muscular Larvae in Vitro

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

Evaluation of Clinicopathological alterations in mice experimentally infected with Trichenella spiralis and the Nematocidal effect of Tannic acid and Albendazole

Phenotypic changes of Trichinella spiralis treated by Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum, and Albendazole: in vitro study

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