Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of Korean Red Ginseng

Abstract

The antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) were examined on rat carotid artery thrombosis in vivo, and platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. Administration of KRG to rats not only prevented carotid artery thrombosis in vivo in a dose-dependent manner, but also significantly inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, while failed to prolong coagulation times such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT), indicating the antithrombotic effect of KRG might be due to its antiplatelet aggregation rather than anticoagulation effect. In line with the above observations, KRG inhibited U46619-, arachidonic acid-, collagen- and thrombin-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 620 +/- 12, 823 +/- 22, 722 + 21 and 650 +/- 14 microg/mL, respectively. Accordingly, KRG also inhibited various agonists-induced platelet serotonin secretions as it suppressed platelet aggregation. These results suggest that KRG has a potent antithrombotic effect in vivo, which may be due to antiplatelet rather than anticoagulation activity, and KRG intake may be beneficial to the individuals with high risks of thrombotic and cardiovascular diseases.

Simultaneous determination of two Amadori compounds in Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) extracts and rat plasma by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

“…In this study, we established a new simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance anion-exchange chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of arginyl-fructose (1) and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (2) in Korean red ginseng (P. ginseng) extracts and rat plasma. It is the first analytical study for the simultaneous determination of 1 and 2 using HPAEC-PAD method.…”

“…Major ingredients of ginseng are saponins, ginsenoside, which has been reported to be effective on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems [1][2][3] and also as an anti-oxidant [4][5][6]. Other than ginsenosides, amino acid derivatives, arginyl-fructose (Arg-Fru) and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (Arg-Fru-Glc) have been identified in Korean red ginseng, a steamed ginseng [7], along with their various pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidant, antidiabetes, anti-obesity and the modulation of glucose transport [8].…”

Interaction between warfarin and Korean red ginseng in patients with cardiac valve replacement

“…There are some reports that Korean red ginseng strongly inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A 2 in the aggregation of human platelets induced by thrombin in vitro [5], and has potent antithrombotic effect in vivo [6]. Moreover, Korean red ginseng is known to have a significant protective effect on artery thrombosis in vivo [7] and blood circulation in humans [2].…”

“…Moreover, Korean red ginseng is known to have a significant protective effect on artery thrombosis in vivo [7] and blood circulation in humans [2]. These results indicate that Korean red ginseng has potential to prevent thrombotic and cardiovascular disease, which may be due to antiplatelet rather than anticoagulation activity [6,7].…”

A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genusPanaxand anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2

“…Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius have been used as ''invigorating gas medicines'' to strengthen body resistance but their natures are different according to the TCM theory. P. quinquefolius has a much wider range of activities as compared with P. ginseng, and displays fewer side effects (Adriana et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2004;Yu et al, 2006).…”