Antisecretory effects of galanin and its putative antagonists M15, M35 and C7 in the rat stomach

Kisfalvi, I; Burghardt, Beáta; Bálint, András; Zelles, T; Vizi, E. Sylvester; Varga, Gábor

doi:10.1016/s0928-4257(99)00105-9

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We suggest that the high number of GAL‐R1 neurons observed in gastric myenteric neurons mediate other functions than motility, including gastric secretion and vascular tone. This is in agreement with previous findings showing that in rat, galanin inhibits gastric acid secretion, but does not affect gastric emptying 10 . GAL‐R1 is also expressed by enterochromaffin‐like cells of the stomach, 35 which contain substances that affect motility, like serotonin 47 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is in agreement with previous findings showing that in rat, galanin inhibits gastric acid secretion, but does not affect gastric emptying. 10 GAL-R1 is also expressed by enterochromaffin-like cells of the stomach, 35 which contain substances that affect motility, like serotonin. 47 However, it is unlikely that GAL-R1 on enterochromaffin-like cells participate to the regulation of gastric motility, as in our preparations in vitro GAL-R1 antagonist did not affect galanin-induced contractile response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] Galanin exerts multiple effects on the digestive system. It suppresses the postprandial release of several substances, including somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucose and insulin, 7,8 it inhibits gastric acid secretion, 9,10 and it is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. 8 Galanin has excitatory and inhibitory effects on the gastrointestinal transit either acting directly on smooth muscle cells or indirectly via the activation of intrinsic neuronal pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of galanin receptor 1 in gastric motility in rat

Guerrini

Raybould

Anselmi

et al. 2004

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Galanin actions are mediated by distinct galanin receptors (GAL-R), GAL-R1, -R2 and -R3. We investigated the role of GAL-R1 in gastric motility and the expression of GAL-R1 in the rat stomach. In vivo, in urethane-anaesthetized rats, galanin (equipotent for all GAL-Rs) induced a short inhibition of gastric motility, followed by increase in tonic and phasic gastric motility; the latter was significantly reduced by the GAL-R1 antagonist, RWJ-57408. Galanin 1-16 (high affinity for GAL-R1 and -R2) induced a long-lasting decrease of intragastric pressure, which was not modified by RWJ-57408. In vitro, galanin and galanin 1-16 induced increase of intragastric pressure that was not affected by RWJ-57408. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) did not suppress the galanin excitatory effect, whereas the effect of galanin 1-16 on gastric contraction was increased by TTX- or N-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. GAL-R1 immunoreactivity was localized to cholinergic and tachykinergic neurons and to neurons immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. This study suggests that an extrinsic GAL-R1 pathway mediates the galanin excitatory action, whereas an extrinsic, non GAL-R1 pathway is likely to mediate the galanin inhibitory effect in vivo. GAL-R1 intrinsic neurons do not appear to play a major role in the control of gastric motility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of galanin receptor 1 in gastric motility in rat

Guerrini

Raybould

Anselmi

et al. 2004

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…In addition to its endocrine, exocrine, and autocrine functions Kisfalvi et al, 2000), galanin plays an important role in the regulation of fat intake (Leibowitz, 1991). It increased food intake when injected into specific brain regions (Crawley et al, 1990;Corwin et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Effects of Galanin and Its Interaction with Leptin on Brainstem Neuronal Activity

Yuan

Dey²,

Xie³

et al. 2002

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide that is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Leptin is a hormone secreted from adipose tissue and the gut and other tissues. In this study, using an in vitro neonatal rat preparation, we investigated the gastric effects of galanin and its interaction with leptin on nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons receiving gastric vagal inputs. We showed that peripheral gastric galanin (300 nM) produced a mean inhibition response of 53.2 Ϯ 2.1% compared with the control level of 100% (P Ͻ 0.01) in 27 of 58 neurons tested. A concentration-dependent effect of galanin on NTS neuronal activity was observed. The galanin receptor antagonist [galanin-(1-12)-Pro3-(Ala-Leu)2-Ala amide], or M40, significantly reversed the galanin-induced inhibition effect (P Ͻ 0.01). In contrast, we showed that the peripheral gastric effect of leptin (10 nM) produced a mean activation response of 167.4 Ϯ 8.2% compared with the control level. The NTS neurons that we recorded could respond to both galanin and leptin or respond to only one of them. Subsequently, we evaluated gastric interactions between galanin and leptin on NTS unitary activity when galanin (100 nM) and leptin (10 nM) were applied together in the gastric compartment. We observed that the effect of leptin when applied alone (168.8 Ϯ 7.7%) was reduced to 146.2 Ϯ 4.7% after coapplication of both compounds (P Ͻ 0.05 compared with leptin alone; P Ͻ 0.01 compared with galanin alone, 55.1 Ϯ 3.2%). Our data suggest that galanin modulates the leptin signals, which regulate the ingestive process in neonates.

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“…Galanin is widely expressed in the mammalian gastrointestinal system and it is involved in the modulation of secretion [2,13,19,21], epithelial ion transport and motility [14,19]. The direct effects of galanin differ depending on the regions of the gastrointestinal tract and the species, which might result from the activation of different receptor subtypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of galanin receptor messenger RNAs in different regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract

et al. 2005

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Galanin effects are mediated by three G-protein-coupled receptors: galanin receptor 1 (GalR1), GalR2 and GalR3. We quantified mRNA levels of GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3 in the rat stomach, small and large intestine using real-time RT-PCR. All three GalR mRNAs were detected throughout the gut at different levels. GalR1 and GalR2 mRNA levels were higher in the large than in the small intestine. GalR2 mRNA was most abundant in the stomach. GalR3 mRNA levels were generally quite low. The differential regional distribution of GalRs suggests that the complex effects of galanin in the gut are the result of activating multiple receptor subtypes, whose density, subtype and signaling vary along the gastrointestinal tract.

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Antisecretory effects of galanin and its putative antagonists M15, M35 and C7 in the rat stomach

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Role of galanin receptor 1 in gastric motility in rat

Role of galanin receptor 1 in gastric motility in rat

Gastric Effects of Galanin and Its Interaction with Leptin on Brainstem Neuronal Activity

Expression of galanin receptor messenger RNAs in different regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract

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