Antiseptic Drugs and Disinfectants

Antiseptic drugs and disinfectants with special scrutiny of COVID-19 pandemic related side effects

“…Considering all disinfectants, aldehydes have a special status as they have the ability to pose occupational hazards even at very low concentrations in air ( Lachenmeier, 2014 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2015 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2016 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2017 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2018 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2019 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2020 [R]).…”

“…Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been used as an antiseptic, especially for the suppression of hospital infection in the Russian Federation and as a disinfectant for sterilization of household humidifiers in Korea ( Lachenmeier, 2014 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2015 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2016 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2017 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2018 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2019 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2020 ) [R]).…”

“…Further evidence was gathered on the association of the disinfectant PHMG with lung disease (see ( Lachenmeier, 2014 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2015 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2016 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2017 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2018 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2020 [R]) for description of cases). Based on transcriptome analysis of lung tissues from 5 children with humidifier disinfectant lung injury (HDLI) and 5 controls, NOTCH1 pathways were identified as the possible main fibrogenetic mechanism of HDLI in children following exposure to PHMG ( Lee et al, 2020 ) [E].…”

“…It is believed that eye drops containing benzalkonium chloride as preservative may contribute to ocular surface disease (see also ( Lachenmeier, 2014 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2015 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2016 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2017 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2018 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2020 [R])). Using an ex vivo eye irritation model based on excised rabbit corneas, benzalkonium chloride (0.2%) treated corneas showed increased epithelial lesions ( Dutescu, Uthoff, Panfil, & Schrage, 2020 ) [E].…”

“…Sodium hypochlorite is used to irrigate root canals in dentistry and can cause many adverse reactions ( Lachenmeier, 2014 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2015 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2016 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2017 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2018 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2019 [R]; Lachenmeier, 2020 [R]). The occurrence of hypochlorite injuries during endodontic treatment, typically leading to localized or widespread tissue necrosis, is relatively rare but key to the successful treatment is an early identification of the condition ( Shetty, Al-Bayati, et al, 2020 ) [R].…”