Antiskin Cancer and Antioxidant Activities of Formulated Agar from Brown Seaweed Laminaria digitata (Hudson) in Dimethyl Benzanthracene-Induced Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

This study explores the antiskin cancer effect of formulated agar (FA) from Laminaria digitata on dimethyl benzanthracene- (DMBA-) induced skin cancer mice. The agar was extracted and formulated (emulgel), and FA was biochemically characterized. The in vitro cytotoxicity of FA was tested using NTT 3T3 mice fibroblast cells. The mice were divided into 5 groups: group 1 served as control mice, group 2 mice were considered as DMBA-induced cancer control, group 3 mice were FA pretreated (low dose) + DMBA-induced mice, group 4 mice were FA pretreated (high dose) + DMBA-induced mice, and group 5 were positive control + DMBA-induced mice. The behaviour and biochemical markers of cancer were significantly decreased in group 2 (DMBA-induced) mice, which were brought to near normalcy by FA pretreated mice (groups 3 and 4). The levels of p53 and keratin were significantly elevated in group 2 mice and these levels were decreased in 3 and 4 mice as well. The histopathological examination of DMBA-induced mice was shown degenerated cervical patches in the skin, cirrhosis in liver, oedema in the renal tissue, and swollen and damage in cardiac tissue, which were reduced for the mice applied with FA. This confirms that FA pretreatment offered potential antiskin cancer property.

Biological Properties and Health-Promoting Functions of Laminarin: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

“…In this aspect, protein exhibited host-pathogen interactions and immunomodulatory potential, whereas lipids including long-chain fatty acids and short-chain fatty acids improve the healthy metabolism in cardiovascular and obesity-related diseases [6]. In addition, vitamins can also trigger the metabolic pathways in human health [2,12,[29][30][31][32]47]. Due to the properties of proteins, lipids, and vitamins, laminarin possesses immunostimulatory activity.…”

“…George et al [29] reported on the role of beta-1, 3-glucan derived from brown algae, which they showed had antitumor potential in hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, leukemia, and melanoma. Their conclusions were also supported by Bae et al [14].…”

Atractylodin induces oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells through inhibition of the P13K/Akt/mTOR pathway

“…[12][13][14] Using the new drugs for cancer treatments has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality by regulating some key cell receptors and immune responses. [15,16] The rhizome extract and powder of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC is used in traditional Chinese, Thai, and Japanese medicine to treat various illnesses and health problems, including gastrointestinal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, fever, and cold. [17,18] However, the main chemical identified from A. lancea is atractylodin.…”