“…Many attempts and efforts have been made on the improvement of construction labor productivity at the project level. Advanced optimization techniques, such as artificial intelligence (Adeli and Karim, ; Elbeltagi and Hegazy, ), genetic algorithm (Tam and Tong, ; Kociecki and Adeli, ; Park et al., ), harmony search (Siddique and Adeli, ,b), mathematical programming (Gomar et al., ; Liu et al., ), neural networks (Adeli and Wu, ; Adeli, ; Senouci and Adeli, ; Ghosh‐Dastidar and Adeli, ; Siddique and Adeli, ), particle swarm optimization (Zeng et al., ; Shabbir and Omenzetter, ), robust optimization (Shahabi and Boyles, ), multiobjective optimization (Cha and Buyukozturk, ), and other techniques (Abuyounes and Adeli, ; Adeli and Chyou, ; Karim and Adeli, ,b; Kim and Adeli, ; Kociecki and Adeli, , ; Chen et al., ; Szeto et al., ; Qarib and Adeli, ; Rafiei and Adeli, ; Sun and Betti, ) are frequently used. El‐Rayes and Moselhi () presented an automated and practical optimization model based on dynamic programming and a scheduling algorithm to optimize resource utilization for repetitive construction projects such as highways, high‐rise buildings, and housing projects.…”