Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Drug Toxicity

Screening of Potential Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors from the Danshen–Chuanxiong Herbal Pair through a Spectrum–Effect Relationship Analysis

“…In order to confirm the feasibility of the spectrum–effect relationship method for screening of active compounds, in vitro enzymatic activity assays were performed. Argatroban, a well-known THR inhibitor [ 6 ], was selected as the positive control drug. The results are shown in Figure 5 .…”

“…Due to the importance of THR and FXa in the formation of thrombosis, inhibiting their activity is a feasible strategy for the treatment of thrombotic diseases [ 5 ]. At present, anticoagulant drugs including argatroban (THR inhibitor) and rivaroxaban (FXa inhibitor) are used clinically [ 6 , 7 ], but risks such as drug resistance and gastrointestinal bleeding may be caused by these inhibitors [ 8 ]. Therefore, it has become a trend to search for THR and FXa inhibitors in natural sources to provide a reference for the development of anticoagulant drugs [ 9 ].…”

Hypercoagulation and thrombosis associated with infection in horses

“…The irreversible nature of the inhibition prevents platelets from forming TXA 2 even after plasma concentrations are undetectable. Thromboxan A 2 is a potent stimulus for platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction in people (Liss & Mullins, 2021) but seems to be less important in activation of equine platelets. Other NSAIDs such as flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone have minimal effects on platelet function (Johnstone, 1983; Kopp et al., 1985; Meyers et al., 1979).…”

“…LMWH can inhibit thrombin but predominately inhibits FXa (Levy & Connors, 2021). Unfractionated heparin also inhibits FXa, but overwhelmingly blocks thrombin (Levy & Connors, 2021; Liss & Mullins, 2021). Clopidogrel is an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists that irreversibly inhibits the P2Y12 receptor on platelets preventing ADP‐induced platelet aggregation and activation (Liss & Mullins, 2021).…”

“…The irreversible nature of the inhibition prevents platelets from forming TXA 2 even after plasma concentrations are undetectable. Thromboxan A 2 is a potent stimulus for platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction in people (Liss & Mullins, 2021) but seems to be less important in activation of equine platelets.…”