Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from persimmon leaves mediated by enhanced natural killer cell activity

Park, Hye-Ryung; Hwang, Dahyun; Hong, Hee‐Do; Shin, Kwang‐Soon

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.027

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The biological activities of pectic polysaccharides are attributed to the RG-I and RG-II regions, rather than the HG region [19]. Pectic polysaccharides from persimmon leaves are mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and xylose, with a high portion of galacturonic acid and they serve immunostimulatory, anti-tumor, and anti-metastatic roles by enhancing the activity of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells [17,20,21,22]. Here, the sugar compositions of S1-PLE0, S2-PLE0, and S3-PLE0 were also determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) (Table 1 and Figure S1), and seven neutral sugars and two uronic acids were detected in all samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in recent years, researchers have begun to investigate polysaccharides with relatively higher molecular weights in persimmon leaves. Persimmon leaf-derived polysaccharides have been shown to exert hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, and immunoregulatory effects [17,18,19,20]. Thus, polysaccharides are one of the main constituents of persimmon leaves that contribute to this plant’s bioactivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Structural and Immunological Features of Polysaccharides from Persimmon Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

et al. 2019

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In this study, we investigated changes in the structural and immunological features of polysaccharides (S1-PLE0, S2-PLE0, and S3-PLE0) extracted from persimmon leaves at three different growth stages. Physicochemical analyses revealed that their chemical compositions, molecular weight distributions, and linkage types differed. High-performance size-exclusion chromatograms showed that the molecular weights of the polysaccharides increased during successive growth stages. In addition, seasonal variation of persimmon leaves affected the sugar compositions and glycosidic linkages in the polysaccharides. S2-PLE0 was composed of comparatively more galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galacturonic acid, showing the presence of β-glucopyranoside linkages. Significant differences also occurred in their immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages, with respect to which their activities could be ordered as S2-PLE0 > S3-PLE0 > S1-PLE0. Evidently, S2-PLE0 showed the greatest immunostimulatory activity by enhancing the phagocytic capacity and promoting nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines secretion through the upregulation of their gene expression in macrophages. These results suggest that differences in the structural features of polysaccharides according to the different maturity of persimmon leaves might impact their immunostimulatory properties. The results also provide a basis for optimizing persimmon leaf cultivation strategies for food and medical uses of the polysaccharides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Structural and Immunological Features of Polysaccharides from Persimmon Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

et al. 2019

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“…Macrophages and NK cells, which belong to the innate immune system, have the ability to rapidly respond to malignant cells [ 32 , 33 ]. Macrophages could phagocytose invading antigens and initiate the innate immune response via releasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide (NO) [ 34 , 35 ]. NK cells are cytolytic effector lymphocytes that directly kill tumor cells and prevent pulmonary metastasis and peritoneal dissemination in the absence of specific immunization [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of a Novel Cold-Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus and Its Antitumor and Immunological Activities

Liu

et al. 2017

Molecules

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The polysaccharides of Astragalus membranaceus have received extensive study and attention, but there have been few reports on the extraction of these polysaccharides using cold water (4 °C). In this study, we fractionated a novel cold-water-soluble polysaccharide (cAMPs-1A) from Astragalus membranaceus with a 92.00% carbohydrate content using a DEAE-cellulose 52 anion exchange column and a Sephadex G-100 column. Our UV, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance gel permeation chromatography, and ion chromatography analysis results indicated the monosaccharide composition of cAMPs-1A with 1.23 × 104 Da molecular weight to be fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and xylose, with molar ratios of 0.01:0.06:0.20:1.00:0.06, respectively. The UV spectroscopy detected no protein and nucleic acid in cAMPs-1A. We used FTIR analysis to characterize the α-d-pyranoid configuration in cAMPs-1A. In addition, we performed animal experiments in vivo to evaluate the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of cAMPs-1A. The results suggested that cAMPs-1A oral administration could significantly inhibit tumor growth with the inhibitory rate of 20.53%, 36.50% and 44.49%, respectively, at the dosage of 75,150, and 300 mg/kg. Moreover, cAMPs-1A treatment could also effectively protect the immune organs, promote macrophage pinocytosis, and improve the percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice. These findings demonstrate that the polysaccharide cAMPs-1A has an underlying application as natural antitumor agents.

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“…Heparin has been used in clinics since 1935, mainly due to its anticoagulant activity [ 17 ]. Considering that heparin may be a ligand for stimulatory receptors on NK cells (NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46), and it is currently used for NK cell product manufacturing purposes [ 36 ], in addition to other polysaccharides with potential to stimulate NK cells [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], we evaluated the capacity of heparin to stimulate and increase killing capacity of NK cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antitumor Effect of Heparin is not Mediated by Direct NK Cell Activation

Rossi

Gonçalves

McCulloch

et al. 2020

JCM

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Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes responsible for the elimination of infected or transformed cells. The activation or inhibition of NK cells is determined by the balance of target cell ligand recognition by stimulatory and inhibitory receptors on their surface. Previous reports have suggested that the glycosaminoglycan heparin is a ligand for the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp44 (human), and NKp46 (both human and mouse). However, the effects of heparin on NK cell homeostasis and function remain unclear. Here, we show that heparin does not enhance NK cell proliferation or killing through NK cell activation. Alternatively, in mice models, heparin promoted NK cell survival in vitro and controlled B16-F10 melanoma metastasis development in vivo. In human NK cells, heparin promisingly increased interferon (IFN)-γ production in synergy with IL-12, although the mechanism remains elusive. Our data showed that heparin is not able to increase NK cell cytotoxicity.

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Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from persimmon leaves mediated by enhanced natural killer cell activity

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Discrimination of Structural and Immunological Features of Polysaccharides from Persimmon Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

Discrimination of Structural and Immunological Features of Polysaccharides from Persimmon Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

Extraction of a Novel Cold-Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus and Its Antitumor and Immunological Activities

The Antitumor Effect of Heparin is not Mediated by Direct NK Cell Activation

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