Antitumor and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi obtained from Egyptian Urospermum picroides

Abstract

Urospermum picroides is a medicinal plant was founded in North coast, Egypt. Endophytic fungi of this medicinal plant in Egypt is poorly known and thus, this study aimed towards estimation of the biological activities of endophytic fungi from Egyptian U.picroides. Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma herbarum were isolated from U.picroides and identified based on phylogenetic analysis. Ethyl acetate extracts of F.oxysporum and P.herbarum gave high antioxidant activities (26.2 and 51.7%, respectively). Moreover, they showed highly antitumor activities with some significant morphological changes of characteristic apoptosis accompanied by up regulation of both p53 and Bax for F.oxysporum and P.herbarum extracts (1.55, 2.14 for p53 and 1.24, 2.2 for Bax, respectively) with down regulation of Bcl-2 (0.18 and 0.16, respectively). Ethyl acetate extract of F.oxysporum (EAFE) showed greatest antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (70 mm), while ethyl acetate extract of P.herbarum (EAPE) showed highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus (37 mm) and Candida albicans (35 mm). Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed major abnormalities for tested microorganisms after treatment with (EAFE and EAPE) resulting in complete alternation in their morphology. GC-MS results showed 30 biologically active compounds for both extracts. The most significant in EAFE was Diisooctyl phthalate with relative levels (74.9%), while Benzoic acid, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-was the most active compound in EAPE (61.7%). These results proposed that ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi from the Egyptian U.picroides showed to be promising novel as antioxidant, antitumor agents and antimicrobial with further phytochemical studies.

Potential Antimicrobe Producer of Endophytic Bacteria from Yellow Root Plant (Arcangelisia flava (L.)) Originated from Enggano Island

“…Diisooctyl phthalate is one of the PAE produced by fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma herbarum and microalgae Nostoc sp. ; it also has the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida albicans [ 50 , 54 ]. The reports related to diisooctyl phthalate produced by bacteria are limited; this can be a new report that finds diisooctyl phthalate in bacteria, especially B. cereus.…”

“…E-15-heptadecenal and E-14-hexadecenal are reported to be involved in antifungal activity. E-15-heptaedecenal is found in the B. siamensis active compound profle which is allegedly involved in antimicrobial Antimicrobe [47][48][49]; antitumor [50] activity of B. siamensis C.38 against some phytopathogenic fungi [32], while E-14-hexadecenal is the antifungal bioactive compound found in the endophytic fungi Pseudarthria viscida (L.) [25,55]. 1-Heneicosanol is the longchain fatty alcohol which is reported to have antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria.…”

Promising antimicrobials from Phoma spp.: progress and prospects

“…There are several reports which provide conclusive evidence that endophytic Phoma species living in plants secrete potential antimicrobial compounds (Fig. 2 ) (Hussain et al 2015 ; Huang et al 2017 ; da Silva et al 2017 ; de Vries et al 2018 ; Nalli et al 2019 ; El-Zawawy et al 2020 ; Li et al 2020 ; Rai et al 2020 ; Hu et al 2021 ). For example, the compounds like α-tetralone derivative (3S)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-α-tetralone, together with cercosporamide, β-sitosterol, and trichodermin reported from the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic Phoma sp.…”