Antiurolithiatic Potential of <i>Eleusine indica</i> Linn. (GOOSE GRASS) Root Extract on Ethylene Glycol Induced Nephrolithiasis in Rattus norvegicus (ALBINO RATS)

Abstract

The study was mainly aimed to determine the antiurolithiathic potential of different concentrations of E. indica root extract on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in Rattus norvergicus (albino rats). It specifically targeted the effects the plant extract will pose on serum parameters (creatinine, BUN and uric acid) nitrituria, proteinuria, calcium oxalate excretion, and the histopathology of kidney tubules and glomeruli of albino rats. In the study, root of E. indica was collected, dried and extracted using distilled water of 80°C-100°C. The actual experimental period lasted for 4 weeks. The study involved 5 test groups; negative control group (T -), positive control group or lithogenic group (T + ), two prophylactic groups (T 1 and T 2 ) receiving different concentrations of E. indica root extract (T 1 -500mg/kg and T 2 -800mg/kg) and one curative group receiving 800mg/kg of E. indica root extract after being induced with kidney stones during the first 2 weeks of the experimental period. All the test groups received 0.75% ethylene glycol (stone inducing chemical) in water for 4 week ad libitum with the exception of the negative control. At the end of the study, there was elevated levels of serum creatinine, BUN and uric acid among the lithogenic group which was normalized in all the three treatment groups. There was no significant difference between the serum parameters of the E. indica treatment groups and that of negative control (P < 0.05). There was the presence of nitrituria, proteinuria, high pH and high levels of calcium oxalate excretion in the lithogenic group. But again all these parameters were normalized in the three E. indica treatment groups. E. indica root extract also maintained the normal structure of kidney glomeruli and tubules among T 1 and T 2 (prophylactic groups) and repaired kidney defects in T 3 (curative group). E. indica root extract thus possess antiurolithiathic potentials and can be used to prevent and cure nephrolithiasis in albino rats.

Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

“…Nephrolithiasis or urinary calculi or kidney stone disease is a pathological condition (-iasis) in which stones (lith-) are formed in the kidneys (nephro-). Many people all over the globe suffer from this pathological condition, and there is an increasing preponderance from the twentieth century until today [1]. It is a common disorder estimated to occur in approximately 12% of the population with a recurrence rate of 70-80% in male and 47-60% in female [2].…”

“…The raised incidence of nephrolithiasis in our world today which could be as a result of increasing trend toward western diet and the various side effects accompanied with available therapies in managing the disease has gotten many researchers to probe into the good old traditional medicinal plants to find solutions since most of these fatal modern diseases were not dominant during the ages where medicinal plants were widely used [1].…”

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“…Paragis, also known as wiregrass, dog's tail, or goosegrass has a scientific name of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn (Garcia et al, 2003;Pizon et al, 2016;Amoah et al, 2017). This grass is abundant and can be seen everywhere, but are regarded as having no economic value.…”

“…According to the reports, Paragis indeed possesses many medicinal properties. It is believed to have a diuretic effect (Gruyal et al, 2014), antiurolithiatic effect (Amoah et al, 2017), antihelmintic activity (Morah & Otuk, 2015), antibacterial activity (Al-Zubaire et al, 2011;Mora & Otuk, 2015), antidiabetic effect (Garcia et al, 2003;Okokon et al, 2010), antifungal activity (Alaekwe et al, 2015), antiplasmodial effect (Okokon et al, 2010), antioxidant activity (Al-Zubairi et al, 2011;Iqbal & Gnanaraj, 2012), and antihypertensive activity (Tutor & Chichioco-Hernandez, 2018). It could also be used against airway inflammatory processes like influenza and pneumonia, according to De Melo et al (2005).…”