Antiviral activities of flavonoids isolated from the bark of Rhus verniciflua stokes against fish pathogenic viruses In Vitro

Abstract

An 80% methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes bark showed significant anti-viral activity against fish pathogenic infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in a cell-based assay measuring virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). Activity-guided fractionation and isolation for the 80% methanolic extract of R. verniciflua yielded the most active ethyl acetate fraction, and methyl gallate (1) and four flavonoids: fustin (2), fisetin (3), butin (4) and sulfuretin (5). Among them, fisetin (3) exhibited high antiviral activities against both IHNV and VHSV showing EC(50) values of 27.1 and 33.3 μM with selective indices (SI = CC(50)/EC(50)) more than 15, respectively. Fustin (2) and sulfuretin (5) displayed significant antiviral activities showing EC50 values of 91.2-197.3 μM against IHNV and VHSV. In addition, the antiviral activity of fisetin against IHNV and VHSV occurred up to 5 hr post-infection and was not associated with direct virucidal effects in a timed addition study using a plaque reduction assay. These results suggested that the bark of R. verniciflua and isolated flavonoids have significant anti-viral activity against IHNV and VHSV, and also have potential to be used as anti-viral therapeutics against fish viral diseases.

Isolation of Sulfuretin and Butin from Rhus verniciflua Stokes Using Medium-pressure Liquid Chromatography and their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects

“…Butin and sulfuretin are the flavonoids, which contain pyrocatechol structure, and they have potent antioxidant activity and anti-viral activity (Kang et al 2012). The research showed that butin and sulfuretin are competitive inhibitors, and are not be combined with the copper ions of tyrosinase.…”

“…The extracts of Rhus verniciflua stokes have pharmacological activity such as anti-tumor activity , antioxidant activity (Lim et al 2001), anti-microbial activity (Kim et al 2010), and immunoregulation function (Kang et al 2012). Butin (7,3',Fig.1a) and sulfuretin (3',4',Fig.…”

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity

“…Flavonoids include a large number of compounds which have been proven to possess a broad spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant (Floreset, Wu, Negrin, & Kennelly, 2015;Zielinski et al, 2014), antibacterial (Cushnie & Lamb, 2011), antiviral (S. Y. Kang, J. Y. Kang, & Oh, 2012), etc. Therefore, highly efficient methods of extracting and isolating total flavonoids for supplements or medicinal use attract world-wide interest and studies (Cherng, Chiag, & Chiang, 2008;Pourcel, Routaboul, Cheynier, Lepiniec, & Debeaujon, 2007;Joana Gil-Chávez et al, 2013).…”

Inhibitory Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Ethanol Extract from Rhus verniciflua Stokes Wood on the Activity of Mushroom Tyrosinase

“…The polyphenolic components, which can be considered as derivatives of phenol, are known to have many physiological functions, and they are also sources of natural tyrosinase inhibitors. They are abundant in the ethyl acetate fractions of plant extracts (Rao et al 2008;Kang et al 2012). Polyphenolic constituents in the ethyl acetate fractions may contribute to the high anti-tyrosinase activity.…”

“…It also is a traditional medicinal wood; the leaf, flower, roots, bark, fruit, and raw lacquer can be used as a medicine, for coughs, to eliminate addiction, act as an insecticidal compound, and to combat tumours. Recently, it has been found that phenolic extracts of R. verniciflua Stokes bark act as marked antioxidants (Lim et al 2001), anti-microbials (Kim et al 2010), antitumour compounds (Lee et al 2004), and function in immunoregulation (Kang et al 2012). The primary bioactive compounds are polyphenols, such as fisetin, fusin, butein, and sulphuretin (Kim et al 2006a). bioresources.com Chen et al (2014).…”