Antiviral activity ofBifidobacterium adolescentisSPM1605 against Coxsackievirus B3

Abstract

Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from Koreans against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The effect of probiotic isolates against CVB3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in HeLa cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among 13 probiotic isolates, 3 Bifidobacterium adolescentis, 2 Bifidobacterium longum and 1 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum had an antiviral effect against CVB3, while the others did not show such effect. B. adolescentis SPM1605 showed the greatest inhibitory properties against CVB3. When the threshold cycle (CT) values for the treated B. adolescentis SPM1605 samples were compared to the results for the non-treated samples, it was shown that the amplified viral sequences from the CVB3 had their copy number lowered by B. adolescentis SPM1605. Moreover, the gene expression in infected HeLa cells was also inhibited by 50%. The results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM1605 suppresses CVB3 and could be used as an alternative therapy against infectious diseases caused by coxsackieviruses.

In vitro antiviral activity of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium adolescentis against rotavirus infection monitored by NSP 4 protein production

“…Lactobacillus casei metabolites behaviour showed that the percentage of positive NSP4 cells were the same as those of the positive control, implying that the virus was being replicated inside of the cells in the same proportion of the population of the positive control; regardless, NSP4 amount was significantly lower when compared with the positive control, suggesting that the metabolite might be interfering with any step of the viral cycle affecting the amount of intracellular NSP4 produced as previous authors report the effect of probiotics within viral proteins production or gene expression Lee et al 2013a;Kim et al 2014). On the other hand, the percentage of Ca +2 positive cells was the same as the positive control, as it was expected; but the amount of intracellular Ca 2+ was significantly decreased in comparison with the positive control; which agreed with the NSP4 behaviour (Table 1).…”

“…The reduction of the protein could be seen in the experimental population as well, taking into account that the percentage of NSP4 positive cells was also decreased compared with the positive control, suggesting an efficacious antiviral effect, carrying out an inhibitory effect during the viral cycle and cellular damage. Once again is being reported an antiviral activity of a B. adolescentis strain, that compared with previous reports, other strains of this micro-organism, already had antiviral activity against other viruses by different mechanisms of action Cha et al 2012;Lee et al 2013a;Kim et al 2014).…”

“…; Kim et al . ). On the other hand, the percentage of Ca +2 positive cells was the same as the positive control, as it was expected; but the amount of intracellular Ca 2+ was significantly decreased in comparison with the positive control; which agreed with the NSP4 behaviour (Table ).…”

“…Another mechanism, is related with a direct effect of the probiotic or metabolites against the viral particle, in this case, authors refer to a 'virucidal' effect of the probiotic where a neutralizing effect of the viral particle is suggested, and as a result, a decrease in the viral infection is observed (Zabihollahi et al 2012;Torres et al 2013). Furthermore, an intracellular mechanism has been proposed by other authors, which suggest that probiotics may interfere in steps of the viral cycle inside the cells, unfortunately this proposal has not been elucidated at all, many questions still remain to be solved to explain exactly which is the intracellular process that is affected such as transcription, translation, morphogenesis, and some others (Boti c et al 2007;An et al 2012;Lee et al 2013aLee et al , 2015Kim et al 2014).…”

Antiviral effects of Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211 and Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205 and SPM1206 on rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells and a neonatal mouse model

“…Alternative method of antiviral agents is suggested application of probiotic bacteria (Chai et al, 2013;Kwak et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014;Lehtoranta et al, 2014). Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO, 2001).…”