Antiviral Coatings as Continuously Active Disinfectants

Ikner, Luisa A.; Gerba, Charles P.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.101752

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…This becomes particularly critical as surfaces tend to become re-contaminated over time, which was simulated by the regular re-inoculations performed in the current study. While previous research efforts have demonstrated the effectiveness of self-disinfecting surfaces, most of the actives studied were embedded materials comprised, in part, of titanium dioxide, metals, or novel specialized polymers that were under development and not broadly available for commercial use (Querido et al, 2019; Ikner et al, 2021; Ikner and Gerba, 2021). Published studies employing wear and abrasion with repeated reinoculations to assess the residual efficacy of spray products are scant (Rutala et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Sanitization of Three Human Respiratory Viruses on a Hard, Non-Porous Surface

Ikner

Rabe

Gerba

2023

Preprint

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Human pathogenic viruses that are present in bioaerosols released by coughing, sneezing, or breathing can contaminate fomites and other inanimate environmental surfaces. Most are enveloped respiratory viruses that are vulnerable to inactivation by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial actives. Quaternary ammonium compounds are highly diverse in structure and are among the most widely utilized antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate two commercially available, ready-to-use quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectants (one of which also contains a surface binding agent) for antiviral activity against Influenza A (H1N1), human coronavirus 229E, and SARS-CoV-2 (Washington) following a rigorous procedure of wear and abrasions with regular re-inoculations of virus in the presence of a 6% organic soil load. Formulation TF-A demonstrated variable residual efficacy against the three viruses, achieving log10reductions of 1.62, 3.33, and 0.92, respectively. Formulation TF-B lowered each test virus by greater than 3-log10to non-detectable levels on all carriers in demonstration of residual antiviral activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Sanitization of Three Human Respiratory Viruses on a Hard, Non-Porous Surface

Ikner

Rabe

Gerba

2023

Preprint

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“…Hence, traditional chemical-based disinfectants are still primarily in use. However, nano-based formulations represent a promising field of research and will assist in control of current and similar viral outbreaks in the future [99].…”

Section: Nanotechnology-based Formulations For Sars-cov-2 Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and Disinfection of Work Surfaces in View of Pandemic Outbreak of COVID-19

Ranjan¹

2022

Disinfection of Viruses

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory illness, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 across the world has been responsible for high morbidity and mortality, which emphasizes the role of the environment on virus persistence and propagation to the human population. Since environmental factors may play important roles in viral outbreaks, and the severity of the resulting diseases, it is essential to take into account the role of the environment in the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 may survive outside the human body from a few hours to a few days, depending upon environmental conditions, probably due to the relatively fragile envelope of the virus. The shedding and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment on animate and inanimate objects contributes to the risk of indirect transmission of the virus to healthy individuals, emphasizing the importance of various disinfectants in reducing the viral load on environmental surface and subsequently control of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population.

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Mechanisms of action of microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control

Gerba,

Boone,

Nims

et al. 2024

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY Understanding how commonly used chemical microbicides affect pathogenic microorganisms is important for formulation of microbicides. This review focuses on the mechanism(s) of action of chemical microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control. Contrary to the typical site-specific mode of action of antibiotics, microbicides often act via multiple targets, causing rapid and irreversible damage to microbes. In the case of viruses, the envelope or protein capsid is usually the primary structural target, resulting in loss of envelope integrity or denaturation of proteins in the capsid, causing loss of the receptor-binding domain for host cell receptors, and/or breakdown of other viral proteins or nucleic acids. However, for certain virucidal microbicides, the nucleic acid may be a significant site of action. The region of primary damage to the protein or nucleic acid is site-specific and may vary with the virus type. Due to their greater complexity and metabolism, bacteria and fungi offer more targets. The rapid and irreversible damage to microbes may result from solubilization of lipid components and denaturation of enzymes involved in the transport of nutrients. Formulation of microbicidal actives that attack multiple sites on microbes, or control of the pH, addition of preservatives or potentiators, and so on, can increase the spectrum of action against pathogens and reduce both the concentrations and times needed to achieve microbicidal activity against the target pathogens.

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Antiviral Coatings as Continuously Active Disinfectants

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Residual Sanitization of Three Human Respiratory Viruses on a Hard, Non-Porous Surface

Residual Sanitization of Three Human Respiratory Viruses on a Hard, Non-Porous Surface

Environmental Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and Disinfection of Work Surfaces in View of Pandemic Outbreak of COVID-19

Mechanisms of action of microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control

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