Antiviral defense against Cypovirus 1 (<i>Reoviridae</i>) infection in the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>

Swevers, Luc; Feng, Mei; Ren, Feifei; Sun, Jingchen

doi:10.1002/arch.21616

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The domestic silkworm B. mori , is an important lepidopteran insect of high scientific and economic value ( 86 ). Like in apiculture, the viral disease can cause enormous economic loss in sericulture ( 87 ). For viral diseases of silkworm, currently there is no effective treatment.…”

Section: Potential Avps In Fruit Fly Honeybee and Silkwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antiviral activity (antiviral peptides: AVPs) have become a research hotspot and already show immense potential to become pharmaceutically available antiviral drugs. AVPs have exhibited huge potential in inhibiting viruses by targeting various stages of their life cycle. Insects are the most speciose group of animals that inhabit almost all ecosystems and habitats on the land and are a rich source of natural AMPs. However, insect AVP mining, functional research, and drug development are still in their infancy. This review aims to summarize the currently validated insect AVPs, explore potential new insect AVPs and to discuss their possible mechanism of synthesis and action, with a view to providing clues to unravel the mechanisms of insect antiviral immunity and to develop insect AVP-derived antiviral drugs.

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Section: Potential Avps In Fruit Fly Honeybee and Silkwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

et al. 2020

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“…The antiviral defense mechanism of silkworms mainly relies on innate immunity, including the RNA interference (RNAi), NF-kB-mediated pathways, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway (19,(21)(22)(23)(24). Among these immune responses, RNAi is the major defense strategy against viruses in insects (23,25).…”

Section: Silkworm Antiviral Immune Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can bind to target genes and regulate their expression (34). The miRNA pathway is involved in the interaction between silkworm and viruses (23,35). Virus-encoded miRNA can facilitate viral multiplication.…”

Section: Rnai Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of the miRNA pathway is minor in the RNAi antiviral defense of insects. In contrast to siRNAs and miRNAs, piRNAs are derived from single stranded RNA precursors (23). The role of the piRNA pathway in the antiviral response of insect models has been reviewed recently (41), however, of which the exact roles in the interaction between silkworm and its major pathogenic viruses are unclear, having few relevant reports so far (42,43).…”

Section: Rnai Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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The lepidopteran model silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect. Viruses cause serious economic losses in sericulture; thus, the economic importance of these viruses heightens the need to understand the antiviral pathways of silkworm to develop antiviral strategies. Insect innate immunity pathways play a critical role in the outcome of infection. The RNA interference (RNAi), NF-kB-mediated, immune deficiency (Imd), and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathways, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway are the major antiviral defense mechanisms, and these have been shown to play important roles in the antiviral immunity of silkworms. In contrast, viruses can modulate the prophenol oxidase (PPO), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways of the host to elevate their proliferation in silkworms. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the main immune pathways in response to viruses and the signaling pathways modulated by viruses in silkworms. Elucidation of these pathways involved in the antiviral mechanism of silkworms furnishes a theoretical basis for the enhancement of virus resistance in economic insects, such as upregulating antiviral immune pathways through transgenic overexpression, RNAi of virus genes, and targeting these virus-modulated pathways by gene editing or inhibitors.

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“…Cypoviruses (CPVs) are common pathogens of insects and have been isolated mainly from Lepidoptera, but also from Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera and other arthropods [1]. Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a representative type of CPVs that are characterized by a segmented dsRNA genome (typical for Reoviridae) [2][3][4]. A unique feature of CPVs, which is shared with the unrelated nucleopolyhedrosis viruses or baculoviruses, is the production of polyhedra that protect the virions in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mutations in capsid shell protein on the assembly of BmCPV virus-like particles

Ren

Swevers

et al. 2021

Journal of General Virology

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Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a typical single-layer capsid dsRNA virus belonging to the genus Cypovirus in the family Reoviridae. The results of cryo-electron microscopy showed that the BmCPV capsid consists of 60 asymmetric units, and each asymmetric unit contains one turret protein (TP), two large protrusion proteins (LPP) and two capsid shell proteins (CSP). CSP has the ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), and the small protrusion domain (SPD) in CSP may play an essential role in the assembly of viral capsids. In this study, three critical amino acid sites, D828, S829 and V945, in the SPD were efficiently mutated (point mutation) based on the principle of PCR circular mutagenesis. Moreover, a multi-gene expression system, Ac-MultiBac baculovirus, was used to produce eight different recombinant VLPs in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the single site and double site mutations had little effect on the efficiency and morphology of the assembly of VLPs. Still, the simultaneous mutation of the three sites had a significant impact. The experimental results demonstrate that the SPD of CSP plays an essential role in assembly of the viral capsid, which lays the foundation for further analysis of the molecular and structural mechanism of BmCPV capsid assembly.

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Antiviral defense against Cypovirus 1 (Reoviridae) infection in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Effect of mutations in capsid shell protein on the assembly of BmCPV virus-like particles

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