“…Nakajima, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan), HEp-2 cells (obtained from Dr Takahiro Uchida, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan) and Vero cells (obtained from Dr Kamesaburo Yoshino, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) , A. HAJIME KOYAMA 3,6 and HISASHI YAMASAKI (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Euroclone, Pero, Italy). Influenza virus A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) (obtained from Dr Katsuhisa Nakajima, Nagoya City University), Sabin strain of poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) (from Dr Akio Nomoto, University of Tokyo) and HSV-1 strain F (from Dr Bernard Roizman, Chicago University, Chicago, IL, USA), were used throughout the experiments.…”