Antiviral effects on bacteriophages and rotavirus by cranberry juice

Abstract

Studies were undertaken to investigate the antiviral effects of comestible juices, especially cranberry juice, on non-related viral species. After exposure of bacteriophage T2 to a commercially available cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) juice cocktail (CJ), virus infectivity titer was no longer detectible. After a 60-min exposure to orange (OJ) and grapefruit juices (GJ), phage infectivity was reduced to 25-35% of control, respectively. Similar data were observed for the bacteriophage T4. CJ inactivation of phage T4 was rapid, dose-dependent, and occurred at either 4 or 23 degrees C. Neither pH nor differences in sugar/carbohydrate levels among the juices may be ascribed to the recognized antiviral effects. Further studies were performed to identify the occurrence of antiviral activity by CJ to a mammalian enteric virus. The treatment of the simian rotavirus SA-11 with a 20% CJ suspension was sufficient to inhibit hemagglutination. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopy, CJ was observed to inhibit the adsorption of phage T4 to its bacterial host cells and prevented the replication of rotavirus in its monkey kidney (MA-104) host cells, respectively. The data suggest, for the first time, a non-specific antiviral effect towards unrelated viral species (viz., bacteriophages T2 and T4 and the simian rotavirus SA-11) by a commercially available cranberry fruit juice drink.

Anthocyanins and Flavonoids of Vaccinium L.

“…Inhibit the adsorption of phage T4 to its bacterial host cells and prevented the replication of rotavirus in its monkey kidney (MA-104) host cells [151] Cinchonain Ib has an insulinotropic effect and can be used …”

Cranberry cocktail juice, cranberry concentrates, and proanthocyanidins reduce reovirus infectivity titers in African green monkey kidney epithelial cell cultures

“…Investigations by Lipson et al [15] have extended this research to bacteriophage and enteric virus model systems. Lipson and coworkers have shown marked antiviral activity to bacterial viruses (i. e., bacteriophages T4 and T2) and a mammalian enteric virus (the simian rotavirus, SA-11) by cranberry cocktail juice.…”

Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of Two Extracts of the Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) From New Zealand and Poland

“…We already described that the blackcurrant has different antiviral effects against several viral species 12) . Another group also reported nonspecific antiviral effects towards unrelated viral species such as T2 and T4 bacteriophages and the simian rotavirus SA -11 5) . Taken together, these results suggest that the blackcurrant acts against both the viral and cellular surfaces.…”

“…For instance, cranberries can prevent gastrointestinal disorders associated with Helicobacter pylori 1 -3) , reovirus 4) , rotavirus 5) and influenza virus 6) infections, and elderberry inhibits the replication of influenza virus 7) and ease its symptoms 8) . Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is also known to inhibit the growth of herpes simplex virus type1 9) , the growth and release of influenza virus type A and B 10,11) .…”