Antivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatment

Sahin, Gokben; Akbal-Dağıstan, Özlem; Culha, Meltem; Erturk, Aybige; Basarir, Nur Sena; Sancar, Serap; Yıldız-Peköz, Ayca

doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.004

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…All participants no longer had the symptoms within 7–15 days, seven participants switched to a negative nasopharyngeal swab test within 6–13 days, and inflammation markers such as eosinophils, α-1 antitrypsin and C-reactive protein were significantly decreased. Inhaled drug delivery is the most promising administration route for the treatment of COVID-19 ( Sahin et al, 2022 ). It is worth noting that inhaled administration of EGCG, which can provide higher EGCG concentrations to the respiratory tract without first-pass metabolism, was included in this study.…”

Section: Clinical Trials Using Catechins To Prevent Urtismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of green tea EGCG in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with greater tropism toward the upper respiratory tract

Zhang

Hao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Trends in Food Science & Technology

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Section: Clinical Trials Using Catechins To Prevent Urtismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of green tea EGCG in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with greater tropism toward the upper respiratory tract

Zhang

Hao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Trends in Food Science & Technology

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“…Scientists have taken a repurposing approach for the treatment of COVID-19, and thus lists of antiviral candidates were re-investigated. Examples of these antivirals are remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, chloroquine-hydroxychloroquine, and molnupiravir (Sahin et al, 2022 ). However, no antiviral drug has been successful in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, although their efficacy was shown in vitro against SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary delivery of favipiravir inhalation solution for COVID-19 treatment: in vitro characterization, stability, in vitro cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity using real time cell analysis

et al. 2022

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Favipiravir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, is used to treat patients infected with influenza virus and most recently with SARS-CoV-2. However, poor accumulation of favipiravir in lung tissue following oral administration has required an alternative method of administration that directly targets the lungs. In this study, an inhalation solution of favipiravir at a concentration of 2 mg mL −1 was developed and characterized for the first time. The chemical stability of inhaled favipiravir solution in two different media, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and normal saline (NS), was investigated under different conditions: 5 ± 3 °C, 25 ± 2 °C/60% RH ± 5% RH, and 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5% RH; in addition to constant light exposure. As a result, favipiravir solution in PBS revealed superior stability over 12 months at 5 ± 3 °C. Antiviral activity of favipiravir was assessed at the concentrations between 0.25 and 3 mg mL −1 with real time cell analyzer on Vero-E6 that were infected with SARS-CoV-2/B.1.36. The optimum concentration was found to be 2 mg mL −1 , where minimum toxicity and sufficient antiviral activity was observed. Furthermore, cell viability assay against Calu-3 lung epithelial cells confirmed the biocompatibility of favipiravir at concentrations up to 50 μM (7.855 mg mL −1 ). The in vitro aerodynamic profiles of the developed inhaled favipiravir formulation, when delivered with soft-mist inhaler indicated good lung targeting properties. These results suggest that favipiravir solution prepared with PBS could be considered as a suitable and promising inhalation formulation for pulmonary delivery in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

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“…Several non-antiviral drugs are repurposed for the treatment of covid-19 infections [ 140 ]. However, the clinical trial data report from multiple drugs showed the ineffectiveness of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon in covid-19 infection.…”

Section: Inhalable Formulation Of Non-antiviral Drugs Repurposed For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities

Nainwal¹

2022

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Antivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatment

Cited by 25 publications

References 126 publications

Potential of green tea EGCG in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with greater tropism toward the upper respiratory tract

Potential of green tea EGCG in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with greater tropism toward the upper respiratory tract

Pulmonary delivery of favipiravir inhalation solution for COVID-19 treatment: in vitro characterization, stability, in vitro cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity using real time cell analysis

Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities

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