AntProPHET: A new routing protocol for delay tolerant networks

Abstract

Delay Tolerant Network is a network that supports the intermittent connections between nodes. There is either no end to end connection between the source and the destination or the connections are infrequent and very short in terms of delay. The mechanism called store-carry-forward cames to solve this problem, since the nodes are dynamic and facilitate the meeting of the other mobil nodes so they can receive and/or deliver messages to their final destinations. Hence, traditional routing which is based on the principle of end to end is no longer practical for this kind of environment. Different routing protocols have been proposed for DTN environment, such as Epidemic, Spray and Wait and ProPHET. The common objective of these routing protocols is the increasing of the delivery ratio of messages with a minimal overhead. This paper proposes a routing strategy named AntProPHET, which combines probabilistic metric of ProPHET routing protocol and Ant colony optimization algorithm which is inspired by the foraging behavior of Ants and their ability to find the shortest path from a food source and their nest. We use the ONE simulator in order to verify the performance of AntProPHET compared to the ProPHET. Simulation results will show that the proposed AntProPHET approach improves significantly the delivery ratio of messages and reduce the overhead generated. So, our approach AntProPHET is a good applicantion to be used in DTN environments.

An Improved Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Intermittently Connected Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks

“…e novelty of the proposed protocol is to use both current delivery predictability and maximum delivery predictability together for efficient message forwarding, while only current delivery predictability is used in original PRoPHET protocol. Although current delivery predictability is a good indicator to decide a better forwarder, as shown in the performance analysis of extended PRoPHET protocols [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], we additionally consider maximum delivery predictability to decide a forwarder more selectively.…”

“…A lot of work has been done to improve the performance of the PRoPHET protocol [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In [9], a message is forwarded, only if the delivery predictability of the other node is higher than the predefined minimum threshold value and the sum of delivery predictabilities of the node which forwarded the message already is lower than a predefined maximum threshold.…”

“…In [9], a message is forwarded, only if the delivery predictability of the other node is higher than the predefined minimum threshold value and the sum of delivery predictabilities of the node which forwarded the message already is lower than a predefined maximum threshold. In [10], an ant colony optimization algorithm was used to improve the performance of the PRoPHET protocol. In [11], sociality of nodes is classified based on moving patterns of nodes and message is forwarded based on the sociality of nodes.…”

An Efficient Routing Protocol Using the History of Delivery Predictability in Opportunistic Networks

“…Since the main focus of our paper is related to the PRoPHET protocol, we review related works on the extension of PRoPHET protocol for performance enhancement. A lot of works related to PRoPHET protocol have been carried out [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In Reference [15], the number of message copies is limited by using the sociality of nodes in order to improve the performance of the proposed protocol.…”

An Improved Opportunistic Routing Protocol Based on Context Information of Mobile Nodes

“…In AntProPHET scheme [7], ant colony optimization algorithm, which is one of the widely used bio-inspired optimization algorithm, is applied to PRoPHET protocol. In [8], a message is forwarded to another node if the delivery predictability of the another node to the destination node of the message is higher than that of sending node and a threshold value, and also if the sum of the delivery predictabilities of the receiving node so far is less than a threshold value.…”