Anxiety and performance in runners: Effects of stress and anxiety on physical performance

Kleine, Dietmar; Sampedro, Renan Maximiliano Fernandes; Melo, Sebastião Lopes

doi:10.1080/08917778808248722

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous research has highlighted a number of possible sources of pressure that may induce decreased performance: competitive conditions, or the magnitude of the stakes or rewards to be achieved (Baumeister, 1984), the importance of achieving a success (Kleine, Sampedro, and Lopes, 1988), or the expectations of outside observers (Baumeister et al, 1985). The presence of a supportive audience (Butler and Baumeister, 1998), or the mere presence of others might also create pressure and induce individuals to 5 choke (Zajonc, 1965).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Performance in Competitive Environments: Evidence from Professional Tennis Players

Paserman

2007

SSRN Journal

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Performance in Competitive Environments: Evidence from Professional Tennis Players

Paserman

2007

SSRN Journal

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“…The social facilitation literature explicitly incorporates characteristics of the task and individuals' level of expertise into their analyses, and generally states that the circumstances surrounding performance play an important role regarding the impact of pressure on performance. Existing contributions focusing on potential choking have largely neglected the corresponding more comprehensive picture drawn by the social facilitation literature, by simply relating performance decrements to changes in the execution of actions, or simply distraction, generated either by rewards in case of success [12; 3] or potential penalties in case of failure [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance under pressure in skill tasks: An analysis of professional darts

et al. 2020

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Understanding and predicting how individuals perform in high-pressure situations is of importance in designing and managing workplaces. We investigate performance under pressure in professional darts as a near-ideal setting with no direct interaction between players and a high number of observations per subject. Analyzing almost one year of tournament data covering 32,274 dart throws, we find no evidence in favor of either choking or excelling under pressure.

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“…Choking under pressure can be caused by changes in the execution of actions, or simply distraction, generated either by rewards in case of success (Baumeister, 1984;Ariely et al, 2009) or potential penalties in case of failure (Kleine et al, 1988). Empirical findings related to performance under pressure -both such that are based on experimental data but also those using field data -consistently confirm a negative impact of pressure on skill tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Very Highly Skilled Individuals Do Not Choke Under Pressure: Evidence from Professional Darts

Deutscher,

Ötting,

Langrock

et al. 2018

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Understanding and predicting how individuals perform in high-pressure situations is of importance in designing and managing workplaces, but also in other areas of society such as disaster management or professional sports. For simple effort tasks, an increase in the pressure experienced by an individual, e.g. due to incentive schemes in a workplace, will increase the effort put into the task and hence in most cases also the performance. However, for skill tasks, there exists a substantial body of literature that fairly consistently reports a choking phenomenon, where individuals exposed to pressure do in fact perform worse than in non-pressure situations. However, we argue that many of the corresponding studies have crucial limitations, such as neglected interaction effects or insufficient numbers of observations to allow within-individual analysis. We also diagnose some degree of confusion in the literature regarding the differentiation between skill and effort tasks, which, assuming the choking phenomenon in case of skill tasks to be real, would in fact be assumed to be orthogonally impacted by pressure. Focusing on the more complex and usually harder to capture case of skill tasks, here we investigate performance under pressure in professional darts as a near-ideal setting with no direct interaction between players and a high number of observations per subject. We analyze almost one year of tournament data covering 23,192 dart throws, hence a data set that is very much larger than those used in most previous studies. We find strong evidence for an overall improved performance under pressure, for nearly all 83 players in the sample. Contrary to what would be expected given the evidence in favor of a choking phenomenon, we hence find that professional darts players excel at performing skill tasks under high pressure. These results could have important consequences for our understanding of how highly skilled individuals deal with high-pressure situations.

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Anxiety and performance in runners: Effects of stress and anxiety on physical performance

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Gender Differences in Performance in Competitive Environments: Evidence from Professional Tennis Players

Gender Differences in Performance in Competitive Environments: Evidence from Professional Tennis Players

Performance under pressure in skill tasks: An analysis of professional darts

Very Highly Skilled Individuals Do Not Choke Under Pressure: Evidence from Professional Darts

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