Anxiety, Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Earthquake

Thapa, P.; Acharya, Lumeshor; Bhatta, Bhup Dev; Paneru, Suman Bhatta; Khattri, Jai Bahadur; Chakraborty, P. K.; Sharma, Rajasee

doi:10.3126/jnhrc.v16i1.19366

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Reported anxiety scores nearly doubled in response to the pandemic, and 20% of the sample reported that symptoms were severe enough to interfere with daily routines. Increased anxiety has been observed after other extreme natural disasters (12,13), highlighting the equivalent impact of the pandemic on mental health. The close relationships between anxiety, energy intake, and food preference are a concern for future weight gain, particularly in individuals with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID‐19 Stay‐At‐Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults

Flanagan

Beyl

Fearnbach

et al. 2020

Obesity

366

355

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Objective Stay‐at‐home orders in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic have forced abrupt changes to daily routines. This study assessed lifestyle changes across different BMI classifications in response to the global pandemic. Methods The online survey targeting adults was distributed in April 2020 and collected information on dietary behaviors, physical activity, and mental health. All questions were presented as “before” and “since” the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results In total, 7,753 participants were included. The sample included 32.2% of individuals with normal weight, 32.1% overweight, and 34.0% had obesity. During the pandemic, overall scores for healthy eating increased (p<0.001), due to less eating out and increased cooking ( p <0.001). Sedentary leisure behaviors increased while time spent in physical activity (absolute time and intensity‐adjusted) declined (p<0.001). Anxiety scores increased 8.78±0.21 during the pandemic and the magnitude of increase was significantly greater in people with obesity (p≤0.01). Weight gain was reported in 27.5% of the total sample compared to 33.4% in participants with obesity. Conclusions The COVID‐19 pandemic produced significant health effects, well beyond the virus itself. Government mandates together with fear of contracting the virus have significantly impacted lifestyle behaviors alongside declines in mental health. These deleterious impacts have disproportionally affected individuals with obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID‐19 Stay‐At‐Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults

Flanagan

Beyl

Fearnbach

et al. 2020

Obesity

366

355

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similarly, in the global context, very wide prevalence ranges have been identified for both PTSD (0% to 99%) and depression (3% -85.5%) in trauma-exposed populations [26]. The latest community level studies on earthquake affected victims of Nepal have reported the rates of PTSD as 27% in the 14 th month after the earthquake [27] and 24% in the 20 th month after the earthquake [28]. Despite the high prevalence of PTSD, diagnosing trauma related disorders in clinical practice is not common in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma related psychiatric disorders and their correlates in a clinical sample: A cross-sectional study in trauma affected patients visiting a psychiatric clinic in Nepal

et al. 2020

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Background Nepal, like many other low-income countries, has a great burden of mental health issues but few resources to meet them. In addition, Nepal has endured several traumatic events in recent decades but the impact on mental health has not been studied in clinical settings. This study explores trauma-related psychiatric disorders and their correlates. Methods 100 patients with a history of trauma who visited the outpatient psychiatry clinic at a University hospital in Kathmandu were assessed. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 (CIDI) was used to evaluate lifetime and current depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Current PTSD was evaluated using PSTD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Results The median number of lifetime traumatic events was two. Natural disaster was the most common trauma type (84%) compared to other types of trauma. Rape was reported as the most traumatizing. Current PTSD was found in 15%, depression in 33% and GAD in 38% of the patients. The lifetime rates were PTSD 83%, depression 45% and GAD 40%. There was high comorbidity between the disorders. The 31 to 45 years age group, above high school education level and trauma types other than earthquake were independently associated with current PTSD. Marital status and upper socioeconomic status (SES) compared to upper-middle SES were independently associated with lifetime PTSD. Both lifetime and current depression rates were independently associated with the upper SES compared to

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“…The rates with which certain disorders presented at the clinics in this program differed from global prevalence estimates, which suggest that depression, followed by anxiety, and AUDs would be the most prevalent disorders (James et al ., 2018; Thapa et al ., 2018). Epilepsy was the most common presenting problem, followed by depression, and psychosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health integration in primary health services after the earthquake in Nepal: a mixed-methods program evaluation

Leichner

Akhtar

Bháird³

et al. 2021

Glob. Ment. Health

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Background In the aftermath of the devastating 2015 earthquakes in Nepal, three non-governmental organizations collaborated to develop a program responding to the immediate mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) needs in three severely affected districts: Dhading, Gorkha, and Sindhuli. The program was implemented between April 2015 and February 2017 and aimed to (i) strengthen health worker capacity to provide integrated MHPSS services; and (ii) increase access to mental health services. This paper describes the program's implementation and the results of a pragmatic evaluation of the program's overall reach, effectiveness, and lessons learned. Methods The mixed-methods evaluation used routine program data, quantitative data from pre- and post-tests conducted with trainees and service users, and qualitative data from stakeholder interviews and focus group discussions. Results A total of 1041 health workers received MHPSS training and supervision. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in skills, knowledge, and self-rated perceived competency. Trainees went on to provide MHPSS services to 3422 people. The most commonly identified presenting problems were epilepsy (29%) and depression (26%). A total of 67% of service users reported being ‘completely satisfied’ with the services received and 83% of those experiencing severe functional impairments on enrollment demonstrated improvement after receiving services. Conclusions Despite operational challenges, the program successfully engaged both laypeople and health workers to provide MHPSS in the aftermath of the crisis. Lessons learned can inform the planning and implementation of future training and integration programs to provide large-scale MHPSS efforts in humanitarian settings.

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Anxiety, Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Earthquake

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

The Impact of COVID‐19 Stay‐At‐Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults

The Impact of COVID‐19 Stay‐At‐Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults

Trauma related psychiatric disorders and their correlates in a clinical sample: A cross-sectional study in trauma affected patients visiting a psychiatric clinic in Nepal

Mental health integration in primary health services after the earthquake in Nepal: a mixed-methods program evaluation

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