Background: Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder is high after earthquake. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence and comorbidity of commonly occurring psychological symptoms in people exposed to Nepal mega earthquake in 2015 after a year of the event.Methods: A community based, cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out in Bhumlichaur area of Gorkha district, Nepal after around 14 months of the first major earthquake. We used self-reporting questionnaire 20, Posttraumatic stress disorder 8 and hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen for presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression or post-traumatic stress disorder in this population. The risk of having these disorders according to different socio-demographic variable was assessed by calculating odds ratio. All calculations were done using predictive and analytical software (PASW) version 16.0.Results: A total of 198 participants were included in the final data analysis. The mean age of study participants was 35.13 years (SD=18.04). Borderline anxiety symptoms were found in 104 (52.5%) while significant anxiety symptoms were found in 40 (20%) of respondents. Borderline depressive symptoms were seen in 40 (20%) while significant depressive symptoms were seen in 16 (8%) of subjects. Around 27% (n= 53) of respondents were classified as having post-traumatic stress disorder.Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder seems to be high even after one year in people exposed to earthquake.

BACKGROUND: The expanded newborn screening programme has now initiated worldwide. Many of the countries around the world made this programme mandatory. The effect of such screening system gives the advantage or betterment to the society as well as the nation.METHODS: Samples were collected from babies aged 48-72 hours by heel prick method in a filter paper provided by Bio-Rad. The written consent was taken from the parents before collecting the blood samples. Blood samples were assayed for TSH and17-OHP by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA), G-6-PD was estimated by colorimetric assay provided by Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA and Sickle Cell Disease by sickling testRESULTS: A total of 715 newborns were screened for TSH, G-6-PD, 17-OHP and Sickle cell disease. Out of which 1 neonate found abnormal (increased) thyroid stimulating hormone (1/715), and 8 neonates were G-6-PD deficient (8/715). We did not find any cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and sickle cell disease.CONCLUSIONS: In this study the prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was found to be 1:715 and 1:89 respectively. No cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and sickle cell disease were found.

Background and aims:The hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with major public health concerns. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in the western region of Nepal. Methods Conclusion:The HBV was more prevalent followed by HIV and HCV in the western region of Nepal with more prevalence seen in males than in females.Regular screening of HBV, HCV and HIV among the selected patients can help detecting many new cases in Nepal.

Background: Sub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH), overt hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are recognized risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM- II).Thyroid function affects MetS parameters including blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). But the relationship between MetS and thyroid functions is yet to be identified clearly. The present study is to investigate the frequency of MetS in patients of SCH and overt hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross–sectional study was conducted at Swastik referral laboratory and research centre. In this study, 50 patients with overt hypothyroidism, 50 patients with SCH and 129 euthyroid controls were enrolled. National Cholesterol Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III; 2005) revision criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Thyroid function test (TFT: FT3, FT4 and TSH) was done by using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and other tests by using a semi-auto analyzer. ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) test was performed using SPSS (version 16.0). Result: There was a significant difference in the mean of the waist circumference (p=0.031), BP systolic (p=0.010), BP diastolic (p<0.001)), FBS (p=0.001), serum HDL-C (p=0.031) and serum TG (p=0.003) between control, subclinical and overt hypothyroidism group (p<0.001). Prevalence of MetS was 25.6 % in euthyroid controls whereas 44.0% in the SCH group and 62.0% in the overt hypothyroid group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction may be responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome.