Anxiety, Prenatal Attachment, and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety, prenatal attachment, and depressive symptoms among women with diabetes in pregnancy. Participants were 131 consecutive pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 45 with a diagnosis of gestational or pregestational type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Data on previous psychiatric symptoms were obtained from the Anamnestic and Social Questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Information on prenatal attachment was collected using The Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) assessed depressive symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy (at a mean of 25 weeks). Results demonstrated that in women affected by diabetes in pregnancy, two facets of prenatal attachment (anticipation, interaction) were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, and a history of anxiety, assessed with the MINI, moderated the relation between the prenatal attachment interaction factor and depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

An Empirical Study on Diabetes Depression over Distress Evaluation Using Diagnosis Statistical Manual and Chi-Square Method

“…The research also evaluates that females are more depressed and anxious than males. This might involve breastfeeding, menstruation periods, lack of sleep, lack of exercise, and other factors, such as employment, friends, homes, and so on [40][41][42]. Bener et al [22] and Fisher et al [20,21] concentrated on the greater proportion of women with depression.…”

Do depressive symptoms among pregnant women assisted in Primary Health Care services increase the risk of prematurity and low birth weight?

“…The EPDS, a scale initially developed to investigate postpartum depression ( 5 ) , was used to collect data concerning depressive symptoms during pregnancy. It was translated into and validated in many countries, including Brazil ( 16 ) , and was indicated and validated to be used during pregnancy.…”

“…The EPDS is a questionnaire composed of ten topics with four options of answers, ranging from zero to three, according to the absence or presence and intensity of symptoms ( 18 - 20 ) . The questions address the presence of depressive or dysphoric mood, guilt, sleep disorders, loss of pleasure, decreased performance, and death and suicide ideation ( 4 - 5 ) . The final score ranges from 0 to 30 points; higher scores represent a more severe condition ( 4 ) .…”

“…Depression is highly prevalent during pregnancy, affecting one in every five women worldwide ( 1 ) . The various physical, hormonal, emotional, and psychosocial transformations that occur during pregnancy directly influences these women’s mental health, explaining its prevalence ( 4 - 5 ) .…”

Continuous interprofessional collaboration for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional survey in Japan

“…Exercise therapy is one of the first-line managements that is needed with diet therapy for effective GDM management (Mensah et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2019). Furthermore, support for women's mental health with GDM is significantly important as women with GDM tend to feel more anxious and fearful during pregnancy (Napoli et al, 2020) and they have a higher incidence rate of developing postpartum depression than women without GDM (Azami et al, 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to enhance a healthcare system that can make effective use of these health professionals to provide more comprehensive support.…”