Anxiety Sensitivity and Childhood Learning Experiences: Impacts on Panic Symptoms Among Adolescents

Feldner

Knapp

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescence

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Cigarette smoking during adolescence is linked to a number of sleep disturbances and has been consistently linked to sleep onset latency among adults. However, little research has examined factors that may influence the relation between cigarette smoking level and sleep onset latency among adolescents. One factor that may be particularly important in this regard is anxiety sensitivity (AS). The current study examined whether cigarette smoking level interacted with AS in its association with sleep onset latency among 94 adolescent (Mage = 15.72) cigarette smokers. As hypothesized, AS interacted with smoking level to relate to sleep onset latency, even after controlling for age and gender. This relation was specific to sleep onset latency as opposed to other types of sleep disturbances, and that adolescents who smoked at higher levels tended to go to sleep later and wake up later than adolescents who smoked at relatively lower levels.

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

The interaction between anxiety sensitivity and cigarette smoking level in relation to sleep onset latency among adolescent cigarette smokers

Feldner

Knapp

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescence

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“…The CASI has satisfactory psychometric properties in children and adolescents. Internal consistency, and mean scores for the CASI in the current study was similar to previously published work (α = 0.81; Knapp, Frala, Blumenthal, Badour, & Leen-Feldner, 2013;Graham & Weems, 2015).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

The interaction between sleep disturbances and anxiety sensitivity in relation to adolescent anger responses to parent adolescent conflict^☆

Friedman

Karlovich

et al. 2020

Journal of Adolescence

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common among adolescents and are associated with elevated anxiety, and dificulties managing affect. Familial conlict is associated with both anxiety sensitivity and adolescent sleep disturbances. No work to date has examined how adolescent sleep disturbances may interact with anxiety sensitivity in relation to adolescent affective responding to parent-adolescent conlict. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature by examining how adolescent sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity, conlict elicited anger, and conlict avoidance are associated. Method: Seventy-two American adolescents (n = 39 males) between the ages of 12 and 16 years (M age = 13.84, SD = 1.38) completed a baseline assessment as well as a well-validated motheradolescent laboratory-based conlict task. Results: For youth low in anxiety sensitivity, greater sleep disturbance related positively to conlict-elicited anger, which in turn predicted higher conlict avoidance. In contrast, this indirect effect was not signiicant for adolescents relatively higher in anxiety sensitivity. Instead, for these adolescents, increased sleep disturbances were associated with lower levels of conlict elicited anger. Conclusions: Results suggest that the effects of sleep disturbances on conlict elicited anger may vary as a function of adolescent anxiety vulnerability. These indings highlight the importance of considering the unique effects of sleep disturbances on adolescent affect as a function of adolescent anxiety vulnerability.Sleep and Affective Reactivity. Sleep disturbances are common and chronic among adolescents, and are associated with increased risk for a host of psychological and somatic issues (Roberts, Roberts,

“…The CASI is an 18-item measure on which participants use a 3-point scale (1 = None , 2 = Some , 3 = A lot ) to answer questions such as “it scares me when my heart beats fast.” Items are summed to yield global AS level scores (Silverman et al, 1991; Wright, London, & Field, 2011). Prior work supports the validity and reliability of the CASI; the internal consistency estimate for the global factor from the current study also aligned with previously published work ( α = 0.74; Graham & Weems, 2015; Knapp et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…For instance, if a parent responds repeatedly to an adolescent female’s somatic complaints (e.g., gastrointestinal distress) by becoming visibly distressed, telling her the symptoms could be dangerous, or allowing her to skip an aversive after-school activity, she develops a learning history that may increase panic risk. Notably, adolescent reports of parental “sick role reinforcement” (i.e., rewarding behavior consistent with reporting/focusing on somatic perturbation) are associated with elevated psychological vulnerabilities for panic (anxiety sensitivity) and panic symptoms (Knapp, Frala, Blumenthal, Badour, & Leen-Feldner, 2013). Further, experimental evidence suggests parental modeling of anxious behavior in response to bodily arousal (vicarious conditioning) increases adolescent offspring escape behavior in response to bodily arousal (Bunaciu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental test of the impact of adolescent anxiety on parental sick role reinforcement behavior

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Cloutier

Bynion

et al. 2018

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A large body of work links parental sick role reinforcement behavior to adolescent panic vulnerability. To date, however, little work has examined the role of the adolescent in this process. The current study addressed this gap in the literature, using a novel method to experimentally test the impact of adolescent anxiety during a straw-breathing task on parental propensity to engage in sick role reinforcement behavior. An unselected sample of 51 early adolescents (26 female, 10-14 years) and their parents participated in the study. Adolescents were trained to mimic a straw-breathing task, and adolescent reactions to the task were scripted. Parents were randomly assigned to watch their adolescent react either a) anxiously or b) non-anxiously to the straw-breathing task. Parents who viewed their adolescent react anxiously ended the task earlier, reported that they would reinforce more sick role behavior, and reported more negatively valenced reactions during the task than parents who viewed their adolescent react non-anxiously to the task. No group differences emerged in terms of parental self-reported or physiological arousal during the task. Results suggest that adolescent anxiety increases parental sick role reinforcement behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of future directions for reducing parenting behaviors thought to increase vulnerability for panic among adolescents.