Any Bias Point Control Technique for Mach–Zehnder Modulator

Li, Yupeng; Zhang, Yangan; Huang, Yongqing

doi:10.1109/lpt.2013.2285184

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A robust low drift optical up-conversion mixer hence results from the elimination of any need of static bias and trimming. Indeed, the drift of bias points in MZMs has been acknowledged as a serious issue and led to a substantial volume of literature on the physical mechanisms responsible [16,17], and its alleviation by sophisticated stabilization mechanisms [18][19][20][21]. Moreover, the present work builds up from recent demonstrations of frequency 8-tupled and 24-tupled millimeter wave signal generation utilizing the same circuit concept [22,23], and analyzes the photonic architecture for the specific application of optical upconversion mixing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electro-optic up-conversion mixer amenable to photonic integration

Maldonado-Basilio

Hasan

Nikkhah

et al. 2015

Journal of Modern Optics

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A novel electro-optical up-conversion mixer architecture comprising four electro-optical phase modulators situated in the arms between an interconnected 1 × 4 distribution tree and a complementary 4 × 2 combination tree is proposed. The distribution and combination trees are based on multi-mode interference couplers (MMI). The novelty lies in the use of the intrinsic phase relations between the MMI ports to realize a broadband and free of drift design requiring no static phase shift elements. A transfer-matrix approach is followed to represent the main building blocks in the proposed design, and hence to describe the operation of the entire optical up-conversion mixer. The concept is demonstrated by computer simulations. A single side-band modulation with carrier suppression is obtained at the output of the proposed architecture, which is in agreement with the analytical development. Scenarios considering both ideal and imperfect power balances and phase relations in the MMIs, as well as imperfect phase relations of the electrical drives to the phase modulators are analyzed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electro-optic up-conversion mixer amenable to photonic integration

Maldonado-Basilio

Hasan

Nikkhah

et al. 2015

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…Typically, the feedback signals are extracted by means of monitoring optical powers, which in practice can be performed by tapping off a defined portion of the light from targeted optical paths [119] or using contactless integrated photonic probes (CLIPPs) [120]. Several representative examples have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Control Subsystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable optical processor chips: toward photonic RF filters with DSP-level flexibility and MHz-band selectivity

et al. 2017

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Integrated optical signal processors have been identified as a powerful engine for optical processing of microwave signals. They enable wideband and stable signal processing operations on miniaturized chips with ultimate control precision. As a promising application, such processors enables photonic implementations of reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) filters with wide design flexibility, large bandwidth, and high-frequency selectivity. This is a key technology for photonic-assisted RF front ends that opens a path to overcoming the bandwidth limitation of current digital electronics. Here, the recent progress of integrated optical signal processors for implementing such RF filters is reviewed. We highlight the use of a low-loss, high-index-contrast stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguide which promises to serve as a practical material platform for realizing high-performance optical signal processors and points toward photonic RF filters with digital signal processing (DSP)-level flexibility, hundreds-GHz bandwidth, MHz-band frequency selectivity, and full system integration on a chip scale.

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“…Such discrete-time harmonic tones (21) may be shown to also be mutually orthogonal in the discrete-time domain, as their analog counterparts, (10), are in continuous-time:…”

Section: ) Digital Dmt Signals As Sampled Analog Dmt Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various feedback control techniques have been proposed and demonstrated for stabilizing small scale PICs such as MachZehnder Modulator (MZM) [1]- [10] or microrings [11]- [16] (both one DOF systems). Moreover, the ubiquity of the IQ modulation function in optical communication has also simulated the development of techniques for IQ-modulator stabilization [17]- [19] (three tuning DOFs), but there is no common thread to the various IQ-modulator stabilization approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Stabilization of Large-Scale Photonic-Integrated Circuits

Fisher

Kodanev

Nazarathy

2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We present and elaborate the principles of a novel control and calibration (C&C) systematic approach, aiming at feedback stabilization of large scale photonic-integrated circuits (PIC) to their nominal operating points in D-dimensional spaces of tuning parameters, based on refinement of extremum-seeking (ES) realtime optimization techniques. The novel methodology enables, in principle, stabilizing a large number D of tuning degrees of freedom (DOF) of PICs, with just one optical power monitoring (probe) point. The proposed C&C digital controller ports multidimensional ES stabilization concepts to photonics for the first time and further introduces novel improvements to known ES techniques, proposing a new frame-based discrete-multitone method of actuation signals generation and probe signals detection, akin to an orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing modulation format. Another novel element is that the iterative digital algorithm adaptively selects between gradient-versus Newton-based descent and between various methods of line search. This approach enables real-time application of unconstrained optimization techniques for C&C of photonic circuits with multiple tuning DOFs. The new technique is exemplified by numeric simulations of the stabilization of a Silicon photonic microring modulator with D = 2 tuning DOFs, concurrently tuning both resonant phase and a second coupling phase parameter, optimizing critical coupling into the microring based on observing the optical power at single low-frequency monitoring point.

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Any Bias Point Control Technique for Mach–Zehnder Modulator

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

Electro-optic up-conversion mixer amenable to photonic integration

Electro-optic up-conversion mixer amenable to photonic integration

Programmable optical processor chips: toward photonic RF filters with DSP-level flexibility and MHz-band selectivity

Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Stabilization of Large-Scale Photonic-Integrated Circuits

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