Aortic arch calcification detectable on chest X-ray is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors

Iijima, Katsuya; Hashimoto, Hiroko; Hashimoto, Masayoshi; Son, Bo‐Kyung; Ota, Hidetaka; Ogawa, Sumito; Eto, Masato; Akishita, Masahiro; Ouchi, Yasuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.012

Cited by 86 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Aortic arch calcification could represent systemic atherosclerosis and has been shown to be related to cardiovascular events, as well as ischemic stroke. 10,21 Aging is associated with aortic stiffness and atherosclerosis, as well as with recurrent ischemic stroke. 2,22,23 Multiple brain infarcts indicate a high risk of potential embolic sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Risk Factors for Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Ueno

Yamashiro

Tanaka

et al. 2016

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Underlying embolic causes diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography could be implicated in mechanisms of embolic stroke of undetermined source. We aimed to explore factors, including underlying embolic causes, related to recurrent vascular events in embolic stroke of undetermined source. Methods-Patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for embolic stroke of undetermined source and whose potential embolic sources were examined by transesophageal echocardiography were included. Recurrent vascular events, including ischemic stroke, cardiovascular and peripheral artery diseases, and vascular death, were retrospectively analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to explore factors, including clinical characteristics, embolic causes on transesophageal echocardiography, and the Calcification in the Aortic Arch, Age, Multiple Infarction score (CAM), based on the degree of aortic arch calcification on chest radiograph (0-3 points), age (≥70 years; 1 point), and multiple infarctions on magnetic resonance imaging (multiple infarcts in 1, 2, or ≥3 territories of large intracranial arteries, 1, 2, or 3 points) associated with recurrent vascular events. Results-A total of 177 patients (age, 64.1±14.2 years; 127 men) were enrolled. Thirty-one patients had recurrent vascular events (follow-up, 3.5±2.7 years; annualized rate, 5.0% per person-year). Among embolic causes on transesophageal echocardiography, incidence of recurrent vascular events was high in patients with large aortic arch plaques (7.5% per person-year). Diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-5.32; P=0.012) and CAM score grade (hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-4.72; P=0.026) predicted recurrent vascular events. Conclusions-History of diabetes mellitus and the CAM score could be novel risk factors for recurrent vascular events in embolic stroke of undetermined source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 A maximum CAM score is 7 points, and the CAM scores were stratified into 3 grades (0-2, low CAM; 3-4, intermediate CAM; and 5-7, high CAM grade).…”

Section: Cam Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Risk Factors for Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Ueno

Yamashiro

Tanaka

et al. 2016

Stroke

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“…Community-based and large cohort studies of patients without ischemic stroke previously showed that AoAC predicted vascular events [1][2][3][4] . In the current study, patients were rigorously classified into stroke subtypes based on detailed examinations, and the relationship between AoAC and stroke subtype in patients with acute ischemic stroke was investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A population-based cohort study found that AoAC increased the risk of ischemic heart disease in men and women and ischemic stroke in women 2) . Conversely, a few studies reported that AoAC was strongly associated with increased risks for ischemic heart disease and vascular disease but not ischemic stroke 1,4) . Therefore, AoAC on chest X-rays could be…”

Section: Underlying Characteristics Associated With Aoacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) on chest X-rays indicates systemic atherosclerosis and is associated with cardiovascular events [1][2][3][4] . Several atherosclerotic risk factors, including age, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes mellitus, have been shown to be associated with the development of OTH or UND on the basis of the initial stroke examinations, transesophageal echocardiography, 24-h Holter electrocardiography, three-dimensional enhanced computed tomography (CT), or cerebral angiography was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral Small Artery Diseases may be Associated with Aortic Arch Calcification in Stroke Patients

Ueno¹,

Okuzumi²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2014

JAT

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Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine

Cheng

Manandhar

Aryal

et al. 2021

Comprehensive Physiology

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The advent of advances in machine learning (ML)-based techniques has popularized wide applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields ranging from robotics to medicine. In recent years, there has been a surge in the application of AI to research in cardiovascular medicine, which is largely driven by the availability of large-scale clinical and multi-omics datasets. Such applications are providing a new perspective for a better understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could be used to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. For example, studies have shown that ML has a substantial potential for early diagnosis of different types of CVD, prediction of adverse disease outcomes such as heart failure, and development of newer and personalized treatments. In this article, we provide an overview and discuss the current status of a wide range of AI applications, including machine learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning, in cardiovascular medicine.

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Aortic arch calcification detectable on chest X-ray is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors

Cited by 86 publications

References 27 publications

Emerging Risk Factors for Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Emerging Risk Factors for Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Cerebral Small Artery Diseases may be Associated with Aortic Arch Calcification in Stroke Patients

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine

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