Aortic augmentation index in endurance athletes: a role for cardiorespiratory fitness

Denham, Joshua; Brown, N. J.; Tomaszewski, Maciej; Williams, Bryan; OʼBrien, Brendan J.; Charchar, Fadi J.

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3407-x

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Together with the lower PWVcr recorded in the WBA group, this indicates that regular muscle activation is an important factor with the potential to influence the distensibility in muscular arteries. There is some support of this notion in a recent study on male and female endurance athletes, aged 18‐55 years, where a negative relationship between VO 2 max and AI@75% was found for the men and significantly lower values of AI@75% for women with a VO 2 max >45 mL/kg/min . There is some evidence that endurance training may lower muscle sympathetic nerve traffic, but other data argue against this notion .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…There is some support of this notion in a recent study on male and female endurance athletes, aged 18-55 years, where a negative relationship between VO 2 max and AI@75% was found for the men and significantly lower values of AI@75% for women with a VO 2 max >45 mL/kg/min. 24 There is some evidence that endurance training may lower muscle sympathetic nerve traffic, 40 but other data argue against this notion. 41,42 Irrespective of this, it has been shown that aerobic exercise training may modulate sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting skeletal muscle and enhance functional sympatholysis through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.…”

Section: Correlations With Measures Of Arterial Distensibility and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher pulse wave reflection in girls than in boys, as determined by the augmentation index (AI), is independent of body height and has been documented in childhood, in teenage years and in adulthood . Some previous reports have given evidence that endurance training diminishes the contribution of wave reflection during systole, while this is refuted by other studies …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular characteristics in young women—Effect of extensive endurance training or a sedentary lifestyle

et al. 2018

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Elastic artery distensibility and carotid artery IMT are not different in young women with extensive endurance training over several years and in those with sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, our data suggest that long-term endurance training is associated with potentially favourable peripheral artery adaptation, especially in sports where upper body work is added. This adaptation, if persisting later in life, could contribute to lower cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Correlations With Measures Of Arterial Distensibility and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular characteristics in young women—Effect of extensive endurance training or a sedentary lifestyle

et al. 2018

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“…In both studies, however, chronic training resulted in decreased compliance and increased arterial stiffness. In another study [64], trained endurance athletes with higher _ V O 2 peak were found to have decreased arterial stiffness (AIx@75) compared to age-matched controls. Intensity of exercise may also affect arterial stiffness, which was shown to decrease significantly after high intensity interval exercise but not moderate continuous exercise [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Impact of Repetitive Long-duration Water Immersion on Vascular Function

Simmons

Bergeron

Florian

2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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While physiological responses to water immersion (WI) are well-studied, the vascular responses after WI are less understood. Fifteen male subjects performed six-hour resting thermoneutral water immersions (WI) at 1.35 atmospheres absolute for four consecutive days, with follow-up on the fifth day. Measurements included peripheral endothelial function and augmentation index (PAT, peripheral arterial tonometry), beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP, photoplethysmography), heart rate (HR), and plasma volume (PV) calculated from changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit. The reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a marker of peripheral endothelial function, increased with repeated immersions (p = 0.008). By WI2 and WI3, RHI increased 12% and 16%, respectively, compared to WI1 values, but no significant differences were detected between WI4 and WI1 for either measure. Absolute augmentation index (AI) increased by an average of 33% (p<0.001) and AI normalized for HR (AI@75) by 11% (p = 0.12) following each WI. PV decreased significantly by 13.2% following WI and remained 6.8% lower at follow-up compared to pre-WI. Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased by an average of 2.5% following each WI (p = 0.012). Compared to pre-WI HR, average post-WI HR decreased 4.3% lower (p<0.001), but increased overall by 8.2% over the course of repeated WI (p<0.001). Total peripheral resistance increased by an average of 13.1% following WI (p = 0.003). Thus, peripheral endothelial function increases after two days of WI, and PAT-derived measures of arterial stiffness increase transiently post-WI. Additionally, BP and PAT-derived endothelial function diverge from their usual associations with arterial stiffness (i.e. augmentation index) in the context of WI.

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“…Cardiorespiratory fitness can be determined by maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max). Regarding cardiorespiratory fitness, increased cardiorespiratory fitness has been shown to have an inverse association with AIx in men [14] [15] and a positive impact on coronary heart disease [16] and heart failure [17]. However, there is need for further research to corroborate the association between cardiorespira-Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology tory fitness and AIx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovagal Tone: A Predictor of Heart Rate Adjusted Augmentation Index in Men but Not in Women

Latchman¹,

Thiel²,

Gates³

et al. 2017

OJMIP

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Purpose: Aortic augmentation index (AIx) and cardiovagal tone (CVT) are indicators of cardiovascular health. Associations between these variables provide information about their roles in cardiovascular disease. However, evaluating these associations from a gender perspective and gaining an understanding of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and AIx based on gender can provide additional information. Therefore, we examined the relationships between CVT, measured as the log transformed high-frequency power of R-R intervals from electrocardiogram measurements (lnHF R-R ); cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max); and AIx at a heart rate of 75 beats•min -1 (AIx@75). We hypothesized that the relationships between CVT, cardiorespiratory fitness, and AIx@75 would differ based on gender. Methods: We examined the associations between lnHF R-R , VO 2 max, and AIx@75 in 41 women and 39 men. Power spectral density analysis of heart rate variability determined lnHF R-R , radial tonometry determined AIx@75 and the Bruce Treadmill Protocol determined VO 2 max. Results: In men, lnHF R-R positively correlated with and significantly predicted AIx@75 (P = 0.005) but not in women (P = 0.49). For every unit increase in lnHF R-R , there was a 4.6 unit increase in AIx@75 in men versus a 1.0 unit increase in women. There was a significant inverse relationship between VO 2 max and AIx@75, with VO 2 max being a significant predictor of AIx@75 in men (P = 0.01). For every unit increase in VO 2 max, there was a 0.60 unit decrease in AIx@75 in men versus a 0.2 unit decrease in women. Conclusions: The associations beHow to cite this paper: Latchman, P.L., Thiel, R., Gates, G., Zhu, W.L., Axtell, R., Gardner, K., Lunn, W. and DeMeersman, R.

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Aortic augmentation index in endurance athletes: a role for cardiorespiratory fitness

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Vascular characteristics in young women—Effect of extensive endurance training or a sedentary lifestyle

Vascular characteristics in young women—Effect of extensive endurance training or a sedentary lifestyle

The Impact of Repetitive Long-duration Water Immersion on Vascular Function

Cardiovagal Tone: A Predictor of Heart Rate Adjusted Augmentation Index in Men but Not in Women

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