Aortic mitochondrial synthesis of lipid and its response to cholesterol feeding

Whereat, Arthur F.; Rabinowitz, Joseph L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(75)90841-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Any disease process that interferes with the synthesis of phospholipids will impede the transport of triglycerides from the liver and will therefore lead to fatty liver. Lipogenic diet administration increases the biosynthesis of phospholipids possibly through a decrease in phospholipase activity or increased phospholipid turnover due to an onset of an inflammatory process (Whereat and Rabinowitz, 1975). In our study, a lipogenic diet caused significant increase in serum phospholipids levels.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Combined treatment with niacin and chromium caused a protective effect on the small-intestine tissue of hyperlipidemic rats

et al. 2007

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The present study investigated whether a combined treatment of niacin and chromium (III) chloride caused a protective effect on the intestine of hyperlipidemic rats. Rats were divided into four groups: (I) rats were fed with pellet chow, (II) with a lipogenic diet for 60 days, (III) with a lipogenic diet and treated with 100 mg/kg niacin and 250 lg/kg chromium chloride for 45 days by the gavage technique after experimental animals had became hyperlipidemic (15 days), and (IV) with pellet chow and treated with the same dose of niacin and chromium chloride for the last 45 days. Hyperlipidemic rats displayed a reduction of the intestinal glutathione level and an increase in intestinal lipid peroxidation levels, and in serum cholesterol, total lipid and phospholipids levels. However, treatment with niacin and chromium reversed the effect of hyperlipidemia. Light microscopy revealed compressed villi, oedema, mononuclear cell filtration, and vacuolization on the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the jejunum of hyperlipidemic rats. Ultrastructurally, the disruption of arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, an increase and gathering in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, swelling in mitochondrial cristae and lipid vacuoles were detected in epithelial cells of hyperlipidemic rat jejunum. Despite individual differences, degenerative findings were decreased in hyperlipidemic rats given niacin and chromium. Niacin and chromium treatments had a protective effect on the intestine of the hyperlipidemic rats as well as a lipidreducing effect.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Combined treatment with niacin and chromium caused a protective effect on the small-intestine tissue of hyperlipidemic rats

et al. 2007

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“…This may cause additional oxidative damage due to involvement of

{NADPH}_{2}^{+}

in enzymatic detoxification of reactive oxygen species. However, because an active mitochondrial FA synthase may use

{NADH}_{2}^{+}

{NADH}_{2}^{+}

to NADP + by transhydrogenases (Bizouarn et al, 2000; Jackson et al, 2002), increased FA synthesis may not cause but rather protect against oxidative damage; 3 . Altered gene expression and protein modifications through increased protein acetylation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because FA synthesis consumes H 2 from two

{NADPH}_{2}^{+}

per each acetyl-CoA incorporated into FA chain, H 2 is readily transferred from

{NADH}_{2}^{+}

to NADP + by transhydrogenases (Bizouarn et al, 2000; Jackson et al, 2002), and an active mitochondrial FA synthase may use

{NADH}_{2}^{+}

as a cofactor (Podack and Seubert, 1972; Seubert and Podack, 1973; Hinsch and Seubert, 1975; Whereat and Rabinowitz, 1975; Hinsch et al, 1976; Hiltunen et al, 2010; Smith et al, 2012), we hypothesized that increased FA synthesis under hypoxia has a role in maintaining cellular reduction potential. Importantly, under hypoxia each acetyl-CoA produced from glucose also produces two

{NADH}_{2}^{+}

.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibition Increases Reduction Potential in Neuronal Cells under Hypoxia

Brose

Golovko

2016

Front. Neurosci.

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Recently, we have reported a novel neuronal specific pathway for adaptation to hypoxia through increased fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis followed by esterification into lipids. However, the biological role of this pathway under hypoxia remains to be elucidated. In the presented study, we have tested our hypothesis that activation of FA synthesis maintains reduction potential and reduces lactoacidosis in neuronal cells under hypoxia. To address this hypothesis, we measured the effect of FA synthesis inhibition on NADH2+/NAD+ and NADPH2+/NADP+ ratios, and lactic acid levels in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells exposed to normoxic and hypoxic conditions. FA synthesis inhibitors, TOFA (inhibits Acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and cerulenin (inhibits FA synthase), increased NADH2+/NAD+ and NADPH2+/NADP+ ratios under hypoxia. Further, FA synthesis inhibition increased lactic acid under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and caused cytotoxicity under hypoxia but not normoxia. These results indicate that FA may serve as hydrogen acceptors under hypoxia, thus supporting oxidation reactions including anaerobic glycolysis. These findings may help to identify a radically different approach to attenuate hypoxia related pathophysiology in the nervous system including stroke.

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“…High fat administration increases the biosynthesis of phospholipids (Whereat and Rabinowitz, 1975) possibly by a decrease in phospholipase activity or increased phospholipid turnover due to an onset of inflammatory process. An increase in the levels of plasma and tissue FFAs in HFD fed rats that might lead to an increase in the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol esters (Jayakumar et al, 1991) which are concomitant with the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of alpha linolenic acid rich flaxseed oil on growth performance and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed rats

et al. 2006

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Aortic mitochondrial synthesis of lipid and its response to cholesterol feeding

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Combined treatment with niacin and chromium caused a protective effect on the small-intestine tissue of hyperlipidemic rats

Combined treatment with niacin and chromium caused a protective effect on the small-intestine tissue of hyperlipidemic rats

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibition Increases Reduction Potential in Neuronal Cells under Hypoxia

Beneficial effects of alpha linolenic acid rich flaxseed oil on growth performance and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed rats

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