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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of brisk walking and resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and lipid profiles in overweight and obese individuals. 54 overweight and obese male and female participants, aged between 21 to 55 years old were recruited for this study. The participants were age-, gender-and weight-matched before being randomly assigned into 3 groups, with 18 participants per group. The brisk walking group was required to brisk walk 3 times a week at an intensity of 60-70% of their respective age-predicted maximum heart rate for 8 weeks. Resistance training group performed the resistance training which involved 3 sets of 8 exercise stations, 3 times a week and 45 minutes per session. For each station, 8-15 repetitions of upper and lower body exercises were carried out by using dumbbells. The control group was asked to continue with their daily routine without participating in any other forms of physical training. Body composition, lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory fitness of the participants were measured at pre, mid and post-intervention. Results showed that there was greater improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness for brisk walking and resistance training groups (p<0.01) at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention value. There were also significant improvements in percentage of body fat, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and free fat mass in the brisk walking group. Similarly, participants in the resistance training group had significant improvement in BMI, WHR, fat mass and HDL-cholesterol. Hence, it is concluded that both brisk walking and resistance training for 8 weeks were appropriate exercise modalities to reduce some of the cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese individuals.

Effect of Brisk Walking on Health-Related Physical Fitness Balance and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly: A Systematic Review

“…However, with respect to moderate intensity activity, findings indicated that even when accumulated at high levels (i.e., ≥150 min/wk) did not result in significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness ( 56 ). Both brisk walking and resistance training (3 times a week at an intensity of 60–70% of their respective age-predicted maximum heart rate for 8 weeks) Can promote the cardiorespiratory fitness of the elderly has a more significant impact than brisk walking and resistance training ( 57 ). A number of studies have shown that brisk walking has a positive effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, among which high-intensity brisk walking has a more significant effect on cardiorespiratory fitness.…”

Comparison of the Effect of Endurance, Strength and Endurance-Strength Training on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis and the Lipid Profile of Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A total of 40,592 articles were identified, including 6958 duplicate papers. After the screening of the titles and abstracts, 289 full texts were retrieved, with 46 papers finally included in this study [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], of which the following papers related to the same study conducted on the same population and the same intervention: (1) AbouAssi et al [ 20 ], Bateman et al [ 13 ], Huffman et al [ 59 ], Slentz et al [ 15 ]; (2) Banitalebi et al [ 39 , 40 , ...…”

“…All included papers were designed as parallel randomised trials and were published between 2003 [ 73 , 74 ] and 2021 [ 38 , 39 ]. Twenty studies were conducted in Asia [ 14 , 16 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 61 , 71 , 72 , 75 ], 11 studies were performed in Europe [ 22 , 37 , 38 , 44 , 47 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 67 , 70 ], seven in North America [ 13 , 15 , 20 , 49 , 59 , 73 , 74 ], four in South America [ 21 , 48 , 50 , 69 ], three in Australia [ 62 , 66 , 68 ] and one in Africa [ 54 ].…”

“…However, one study included subjects with multiple cardiometabolic syndromes or cardiovascular disease risk factors [ 49 ], insulin resistance [ 50 ] and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [ 53 ]. Most subjects were middle-aged [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 20 , 22 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 75 ] or older [ 21 , 37 , 49 , 60 , 64 , 70 , 74 ], while only a few studies included young subjects [ 14 , 58 , 61 , 72 ]. One study did not provide information about the age and sex of the study participants [ 56 ].…”

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“…This is a specific phenotype in combination with a group of metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for coronary heart disease (Grundy, 2016;E de França, et al, 2018). Typical features of this syndrome include obesity by the abdominal type, insulin-dependent glucose metabolism (hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus) (Kalmykov, 2012;Chen, et al, 2016), dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia, low level high-density lipoproteins) (Kalmykov, 2010) and hypertension . Obesity in itself is not a necessary condition of the metabolic syndrome, which is observed in obese individuals and in persons with normal body weight, but probably with excessive weight of abdominal fat (Pearl, et al, 2017;Yuliya, K., & Sergey, K., 2018).…”