Apelin signaling modulates splanchnic angiogenesis and portosystemic collateral vessel formation in rats with portal hypertension

Tiani, Carolina; García-Pras, Ester; Mejías, Marc; Gottardi, Andrea De; Berzigotti, Annalisa; Bosch, Jaime; Fernández, Mercedes

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.09.019

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In brain tumours, the expression of apelin and APJ is up-regulated in microvascular proliferations (Kalin et al 2007), while tumour cell lines overexpressing apelin show increased growth (Sorli et al 2007). The pathophysiological effects of apelin in angiogenesis have also been reported for the liver, where the apelinergic system is a factor in portosystemic collaterisation and splanchnic neovascularisation in portal hypotensive rats (Tiani et al 2009) as well as in neovascularisation during liver cirrhosis (Principe et al 2008). However, apelin may have therapeutic effects in ischaemia recovery due to vessel regeneration and endothelial proliferation (Eyries et al 2008) and blood vessel diameter regulation (Kidoya et al 2010).…”

Section: Role Of Apelin/apj In Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

292

216

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The apelin receptor (APJ; gene symbol APLNR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. Neural gene expression patterns of APJ, and its cognate ligand apelin, in the brain implicate the apelinergic system in the regulation of a number of physiological processes. APJ and apelin are highly expressed in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which regulates fluid homeostasis, in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which controls the neuroendocrine response to stress, and in the forebrain and lower brainstem regions, which are involved in cardiovascular function. Recently, apelin, synthesised and secreted by adipocytes, has been described as a beneficial adipokine related to obesity, and there is growing awareness of a potential role for apelin and APJ in glucose and energy metabolism. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, expression pattern and regulation of apelin and its receptor, as well as the main second messengers and signalling proteins activated by apelin. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles that support this system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating conditions related to altered water balance, stress-induced disorders such as anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Role Of Apelin/apj In Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

292

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding the apelin receptor (APLNR) and apelin peptide (APLN) are associated with hypertension (see section XII). There is also evidence for a role in pulmonary hypertension (Andersen et al, 2009;Falcã o-Pires et al, 2009) and portal hypertension (Tiani et al, 2009). It is noteworthy that apelin is able to cause vasodilation by a prostanoid-dependent mechanism in blood vessels from patients with atherosclerotic heart disease (Maguire et al, 2009).…”

Section: A Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIV. Apelin Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, and Function

Pitkin

Maguire²,

Bonner³

et al. 2010

Pharmacol Rev

168

133

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“…Apelin is expressed at various sites within the cardiovascular system and in kidney endothelium. [36][37][38][39][40] Malyszko et al 36 recently showed low apelin amounts in allograft recipients. Those patients showed pronounced endothelial damage together with an increase in inflammatory markers, suggesting that apelin may be associated with inflammation.…”

Section: Local Silencing Of Cd40 Changes Rejection Pattern E Ripoll Ementioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo therapeutic efficacy of intra-renal CD40 silencing in a model of humoral acute rejection

et al. 2011

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The humoral branch of the immune response has an important role in acute and chronic allograft dysfunction. The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway is crucial in B-and T-alloresponse. Our group has developed a new small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule against CD40 that effectively inhibits its expression. The aim of the present study was to prevent rejection in an acute vascular rejection model of kidney transplant by intra-graft gene silencing with anti-CD40 siRNA (siCD40), associated or not with sub-therapeutic rapamycin. Four groups were designed: unspecific siRNA as control; sub-therapeutic rapamycin; siCD40; and combination therapy. Long-surviving rats were found only in both siCD40-treated groups. The CD40 mRNA was overexpressed in control grafts but treatment with siCD40 decreased its expression. Recipient spleen CD40+ B-lymphocytes were reduced in both siCD40-treated groups. Moreover, CD40 silencing reduced donor-specific antibodies, graft complement deposition and immune-inflammatory mediators. The characteristic histological features of humoral rejection were not found in siCD40-treated grafts, which showed a more cellular histological pattern. Therefore, the intra-renal effective blockade of the CD40/CD40L signal reduces the graft inflammation as well as the incidence of humoral vascular acute rejection, finally changing the type of rejection from humoral to cellular. Gene Therapy (2011) 18, 945-952;

show abstract

Apelin signaling modulates splanchnic angiogenesis and portosystemic collateral vessel formation in rats with portal hypertension

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIV. Apelin Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, and Function

In vivo therapeutic efficacy of intra-renal CD40 silencing in a model of humoral acute rejection

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