Aphidius ervi teratocytes release an extracellular enolase

Falabella, Patrizia; Riviello, Lea; Stradis, Maria Luisa De; Stigliano, Carmela; Varricchio, Paola; Grimaldi, Annalisa; Eguileor, Magda de; Graziani, Franco; Gigliotti, Silvia; Pennacchio, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.09.005

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Also, fast-growing polyploid cells called teratocytes dissociate from the serosal membrane surrounding the wasp embryo and circulate within the aphid hemocoel during larval development [29]. In A. ervi , teratocytes are known to synthesize and release two proteins that are likely involved in redirecting host resources from aphids to developing wasps: a fatty acid binding protein ( Ae -FABP), and an extracellular enolase ( Ae -ENO), which may degrade aphid tissue [30,31]. If an A. ervi female oviposited twice in a single host, she would then double the quantity of both venom and teratocytes present in the host, potentially increasing the likelihood of successful parasitism in symbiont-defended hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids

et al. 2012

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Background Recent findings indicate that several insect lineages receive protection against particular natural enemies through infection with heritable symbionts, but little is yet known about whether enemies are able to discriminate and respond to symbiont-based defense. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , receives protection against the parasitic wasp, Aphidius ervi , when infected with the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa and its associated bacteriophage APSE ( Acyrthosiphon pisum s econdary e ndosymbiont). Internally developing parasitoid wasps, such as A. ervi , use maternal and embryonic factors to create an environment suitable for developing wasps. If more than one parasitoid egg is deposited into a single aphid host (superparasitism), then additional complements of these factors may contribute to the successful development of the single parasitoid that emerges. Results We performed experiments to determine if superparasitism is a tactic allowing wasps to overcome symbiont-mediated defense. We found that the deposition of two eggs into symbiont-protected aphids significantly increased rates of successful parasitism relative to singly parasitized aphids. We then conducted behavioral assays to determine whether A. ervi selectively superparasitizes H. defensa -infected aphids. In choice tests, we found that A. ervi tends to deposit a single egg in uninfected aphids, but two or more eggs in H. defensa -infected aphids, indicating that oviposition choices may be largely determined by infection status. Finally, we identified differences in the quantity of the trans-β-farnesene, the major component of aphid alarm pheromone, between H. defensa -infected and uninfected aphids, which may form the basis for discrimination. Conclusions Here we show that the parasitic wasp A. ervi discriminates among symbiont-infected and uninfected aphids, and changes its oviposition behavior in a way that increases the likelihood of overcoming symbiont-based defense. More generally, our results indicate that natural enemies are not passive victims of defensive symbionts, and that an evolutionary arms race between A. pisum and the parasitoid A. ervi may be mediated by a bacterial symbiosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids

et al. 2012

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“…In the past years, published articles are starting to shed light on the biology of insect enolase. Recently, it has been reported that Aphidius ervi enolase may be involved in the regulation of teratocyte-mediated degradation of host tissues and immune evasion [13]. However, knowledge on insect enolase remains extremely limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cDNA cloning and expression pattern of two enolase genes from the Chinese oak silkworm, <italic>Antheraea pernyi</italic>

Liu¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

ABBS

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In this study, two enolase genes were isolated and characterized from the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea perny, which were designated as enolase I and II, respectively. The enolase I cDNA sequence was 1712 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1302 bp encoding 433 amino acids. The enolase II cDNA sequence was 1549 bp with an ORF of 1296 bp encoding 431 amino acids. The amino acid sequences of the two genes share several conserved features/sites of enolase. Antheraea pernyi enolase I shows 93% -97% sequence identity to enolases of lepidopterans available to date, 75% -82% identity to enolases of other invertebrates, 60% -72% identity to enolases of other organisms including vertebrates, plants, and fungi. Antheraea pernyi enolase II shows 84% identity to Bombyx mori enolase II, but 60% identity to A. pernyi enolase I. In the phylogenetic tree, enolase II sequences from A. pernyi and B. mori were clearly separated from the majority of enolase sequences of higher organisms including A. pernyi and B. mori enolase I sequences. By sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, we suggest that enolase II from A. pernyi and B. mori may be a new member of the enolase superfamily. Antheraea pernyi enolase I mRNA was found in all tested tissues whereas enolase II mRNA was expressed specifically in the spermaries and ovaries, suggesting that the product of enolase II gene may be related to reproduction. The transcript abundance of A. pernyi enolase I gene was significantly down-regulated after cold shock and significantly up-regulated after heat shock, suggesting that A. pernyi enolase I gene may be inducible by temperature stress.

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“…These findings are according to the [19] who reported less parasitism in adult mealybug than 3 rd instar due to their defensive behavior. Similarly for other parasitoids of sucking insects, A. bambawalei could realize a strategy to provide enough and available nutritional substrate to the progeny development, reducing host reproductive activity [20]- [22]. This could be a common mechanism adapted by parasitoid of sucking insects and consisting in host metabolism redirection obtained with the injection of maternal secretions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Effects of Solitary Endoparasitoid, <i>Aenasius bambawalei </i>Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Cotton Mealybug, <i>Phenacoccus solenopsis </i>Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Shahzad¹,

Abdin²,

Abbas³

et al. 2016

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Parasitization has an enormous impact on host physiology, development and reproduction. The effect of parasitism by endoparasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on survival and reproduction of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on different host stages was studied. Our data reveals that host mealybugs parasitized by the wasp at the 2 nd instar stage were died during the 3 rd instar stage of their life. However, those parasitized at the 3 rd instar stage could reach the adult stage and were able to produce their progeny. After 6 days of parasitization, all parasitized hosts of the 2 nd , 3 rd and adult stages were died except the 1 st instar. Results showed that parasitized host mealybugs had significantly lower reproductive potential than the unparasitized ones. Maximum parasitoid emergence was recorded in the 3 rd instar host stage. This basic research regarding survival and reproduction of the parasitized host mealybugs would be very helpful in devising sustainable biological control strategies for cotton mealybug.

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Aphidius ervi teratocytes release an extracellular enolase

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids

Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids

cDNA cloning and expression pattern of two enolase genes from the Chinese oak silkworm, <italic>Antheraea pernyi</italic>

Parasitic Effects of Solitary Endoparasitoid, <i>Aenasius bambawalei </i>Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Cotton Mealybug, <i>Phenacoccus solenopsis </i>Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

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Aphidius ervi teratocytes release an extracellular enolase

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids

Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids

cDNA cloning and expression pattern of two enolase genes from the Chinese oak silkworm, &lt;italic&gt;Antheraea pernyi&lt;/italic&gt;

Parasitic Effects of Solitary Endoparasitoid, &lt;i&gt;Aenasius bambawalei &lt;/i&gt;Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Cotton Mealybug, &lt;i&gt;Phenacoccus solenopsis &lt;/i&gt;Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

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cDNA cloning and expression pattern of two enolase genes from the Chinese oak silkworm, <italic>Antheraea pernyi</italic>

Parasitic Effects of Solitary Endoparasitoid, <i>Aenasius bambawalei </i>Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Cotton Mealybug, <i>Phenacoccus solenopsis </i>Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)