Aphids Playing Possum – Defensive or Mutualistic Response?

Bilska, Aleksandra; Francikowski, Jacek; Wyglenda, Aleksandra; Masłowski, Adrian; Kaszyca, Natalia; Depa, Łukasz

doi:10.1007/s10905-018-9662-4

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Batch effects (differences from plant to plant) and sub-line specific variation also can add more variation to developmental rates. Additionally, aphids are known to have a behavioral alarm response to plant vibrations causing them to drop off of the plant [57,58,59,60,61]. Plant handling during molt checking (while done delicately), potentially could have triggered this response, which again could unevenly add time to the development of individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Pers

Hansen

2019

Insects

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Despite the fact that sap-feeding hemipterans are major agricultural pests, little is known about the pea aphid’s (Acyrthosiphon pisum) nymphal development, compared to other insect models. Given our limited understanding of A. pisum nymphal development and variability in the naming/timing of its developmental events between different environmental conditions and studies, here, we address developmental knowledge gaps by elucidating how diet impacts A. pisum nymphal development for the LSR1 strain when it develops on its universal host plant (Vicia faba), isolated leaves, and artificial diet. Moreover, we test how plant age and transgenerational stressors, such as overcrowding and low plant vigor, can affect nymphal development. We also validate a morphological method to quickly confirm the life stage of each nymphal instar within a mixed population. Overall, we found extremely high variation in the timing of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5–25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h) development when reared on isolated leaves and artificial diets, compared to intact host plants. Also, delays in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9–17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or when previous generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared to controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Pers

Hansen

2019

Insects

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“…Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990). Some aphid species show thanatotic responses (death feigning), probably to reduce aggressiveness of ants (Bilska et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Evolution Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ant‐induced evolutionary patterns in aphids

et al. 2020

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This review investigates ant–aphid mutualism (trophobiosis), in particular focusing on evolutionary processes in aphids resulting from this interaction. This broad literature review allows us to revise existing views on certain aspects of this mutualism and provide the first timeline of its possible development over a geological timescale. We propose a new classification of ant–aphid mutualism with respect to its ecological characteristics and present new explanations of the development of certain morphological structures of aphids as resulting from adaptation to a trophobiotic relationship with ants. In light of these findings, the presence of the so‐called ‘trophobiotic organ’ in all myrmecophilous aphids is questioned. We review various communication modes between aphids and mutualistic ants and the possible influence of this symbiosis on modifications of aphid life cycles. Recent evidence on the suspected role of endosymbiotic bacteria in the development of mutualism is discussed. Finally, we propose a first timeline of ant–aphid interactions leading to the development of particular adaptations of aphids to mutualism, from general interactions between diverging Aphidomorpha and ants in the late Mesozoic to more specific coevolution between the aphid tribe Fordini and the ant genus Lasius.

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“…Some insects make severe sounds and inaudible vibrations, or feign death to avoid predation. A recent study reported that feigning death has been observed in a number of aphid species, especially in the subfamily Lachninae [36]. Some insects mimic an unfavorable and dangerous organism, such as a scorpion (e.g., phasmids) [3,37,38] or slightly eusocial soldier aphids (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Morphology and Defensive Behavior in a Social Aphid

Siddiqui

Zou

Liu

et al. 2019

Insects

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Social aphids produce different morphs, which are genetically identical but morphologically different. Each morph performs a different duty in its community. Social aphids usually produce morphologically distinct soldiers to protect their colonies. The social aphid Pseudoregma bambucicola produces sterile first instar soldiers with specialized body parts and unique defensive behaviors, such as hind leg waving. By using this species as a research model, this study tested the assumption that the functional morphological basis of defensive behaviors of soldiers is related to specialized body parts. Field observations and a comprehensive morphometric analysis were carried out for natural populations. The results showed significant differences in functional morphology between soldiers, first instar nymphs, and adults. Elongated hind legs in soldiers are an important functional morphological basis for the deimatic behavior of hind leg waving, while sclerotized front legs and head horns are related to the function of directly attacking natural enemies. The size variation of different body parts among different morphs also indicates a cost–benefit trade-off in the evolution of the social aphid species.

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Aphids Playing Possum – Defensive or Mutualistic Response?

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Ant‐induced evolutionary patterns in aphids

Functional Morphology and Defensive Behavior in a Social Aphid

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