Apiaceous Vegetables and Cruciferous Phytochemicals Reduced PhIP-DNA Adducts in Prostate but Not in Pancreas of Wistar Rats

Abstract

We previously showed rats fed with apiaceous vegetables, but not with their putative chemopreventive phytochemicals, reduced colonic DNA adducts formed by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a dietary procarcinogen. We report here the effects of feeding apiaceous and cruciferous vegetables versus their purified predominant phytochemicals, either alone or combined, on prostate and pancreatic PhIP-DNA adduct formation. In experiment I, male Wistar rats received three supplemented diets: CRU (cruciferous vegetables), API (apiaceous vegetables), and CRU+API (both types of vegetables). In experiment II, rats received three diets supplemented with phytochemicals matched to their levels in the vegetables from experiment I: P + I (phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole-3-carbinol), FC (furanocoumarins; 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin), and COMBO (P + I and FC combined). After 6 days of feeding, PhIP was injected (10 mg/kg body weight) and animals were killed on day 7. PhIP-DNA adducts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In prostate, PhIP-DNA adducts were reduced by API (33%, P < .05), P + I (45%, P < .001), and COMBO (30%, P < .01). There were no effects observed in pancreas. Our results suggest that fresh vegetables and purified phytochemicals lower PhIP-DNA adducts and may influence cancer risk.

Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Bulky DNA Damage within Non-Smokers and Former Smokers in the Gen-Air Study (EPIC Cohort)

“…The antigenotoxic properties of cruciferous vegetables have still been demonstrated in peripheral blood human lymphocytes [35], where an inverse correlation with the cruciferous vegetable intake was observed. Moreover, purified phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables have been found to reduce the generation of colonic DNA adducts formed by an aromatic amine, 2-amino-1methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine, in experimental animals [36,37]. Indole-3-carbinol, contained in cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and brussels sprouts, has been associated with adduct production inhibition [38].…”

“…Cruciferous or Brassicaceae vegetables, including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts, are high in micronutrients and fiber and contain vitamins C and E, antioxidant enzymes, polyphenols and sulfur-organic compounds [39,40]. The beneficial effects of cruciferous vegetables on human health are thought to be largely mediated by different plant components, such as isothiocyanates and indoles [36,37], that are formed by the hydrolytic action of plant myrosinase or caused by the glucosidases present in the gut microbiota [35]. Other relevant phytochemicals include sulforaphane, which can inhibit the activation of carcinogens, enhance their excretion and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [41].…”

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Induced Colon Injury by Disrupting the Intestinal Bacterial Composition and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Rats

“…In the experiment, 20 rats were divided into two groups: the PhIP treatment (PhIP) and control (CK) groups, with 10 rats in each group. According to the pre-experiment and refs , , and , rats in the PhIP group were intragastrically administered a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight once every day for 4 continuous weeks. Control rats received an equal amount of distilled water.…”

Dietary Carcinogens and DNA Adducts in Prostate Cancer

“…PhIP is the only HAA studied thus far that targets the prostate as a principal site for DNA adduct formation and carcinogenesis in rodents [168]. PhIP undergoes metabolism to form high levels of DNA adducts in the prostate of Wistar and Fischer 344 rats [170,[257][258][259][260] and induces high levels of mutations in the prostate of the Big Blue lacI transgenic rat [260,261]. PhIP is a prostate carcinogen in the Fischer 344 rat [170].…”