Apical callus formation and plant regeneration controlled by plant growth regulators on axenic culture of the red alga Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Yokoya, Nair S.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1835.2000.tb00208.x

Cited by 65 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Development of apical calluses in red algal explants was described for Solieria filiformis (Kuetzing) Gabrielson (Robledo & Garcia-Reina 1993), Meristotheca papulosa J. Agardh (Huang & Fujita 1997), Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand (Yokoya 2000), Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Reddy et al 2003), and two color strains of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamour (Yokoya et al 2003). Exogenous application of PGR was the inducing factor for apical callus formation in G. perplexa, and a similar response was observed in apical callus formation in Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Yokoya 2000). However, apical calluses of G. tenuistipitata were induced by the airexposed culture condition when explants were grown in solid culture medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regeneration process from calluses of Gracilariales species was previously reported only for Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Yokoya 2000), although several attempts have been conducted with G. papenfussii Abbott (Polne-Fuller & Gibor 1987), G. verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss (Gusev et al 1987;Kaczyna & Megnet 1993), and G. textorii (Suringar) De Toni (Huang & Fujita 1996). Only Gracilariopsis tenuifrons developed apical calluses while the other species developed basal calluses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only Gracilariopsis tenuifrons developed apical calluses while the other species developed basal calluses. The explanation for these results was related to origin of callus cell, its position in the explant, and some culture conditions which affect morphogenesis (Yokoya 2000). Our results corroborate this observation based on the following aspects: (i) potential for plant regeneration differs among callus types developed in intercalary segments of G. tenuistipitata, and apical calluses have higher regeneration rates than the basal and intermediate ones, indicating a relation with callus origin and position; and (ii) G. tenuistipitata calluses regenerated in solid medium while regeneration in G. perplexa occurred only after transferring calluses from solid to liquid medium, showing the morphogenetic function of the physical state of culture medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protocol to obtain axenic explants and experimental designs was based on methodology described in Yokoya (2000), with the following modifications: apical and intercalary segments, each 5 mm long, were cut from tetrasporophytes growing in unialgal cultures, weighed, and washed for 10 s in a solution of sterile seawater (filter-sterilized and autoclaved for 30 min at 121 ° C), with sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) and detergent (200 µ L), and washed five times in sterile seawater. Treatments with antibiotic and antifungal solutions were not necessary, since preliminary experiments using axenic test medium (according to Yokoya and Handro (2002), modified with 0.7% agar) showed that explants were free of bacteria and fungi.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1987;Polne-Fuller & Gibor 1987;Kaczyna & Megnet 1993;Huang & Fujita 1996;Yokoya et al . 1999;Yokoya 2000). However, the regeneration process from callus was observed only in Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand, and the exogenous supply of plant growth regulators (PGR) was considered a fundamental factor influencing plant regeneration from apical calluses (Yokoya 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation, growth and regeneration in axenic tissue cultures of Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Gracilaria perplexa (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

2004

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The effects of auxins and cytokinin on callus formation, growth and regeneration of Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia and G. perplexa Byrne et Zuccarello (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) are reported. Plant growth regulators (PGR) in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100.0 µ mol of indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and kinetin (K) were added to the ASP 12-NTA solid medium (0.7% agar), and apical and intercalary segments (5 mm long) were inoculated as initial explants. K stimulated growth rates of intercalary segments of G. tenuistipitata in a linear relation, and 2,4-D (1.0 µ mol) and K (10.0 µ mol) stimulated growth rates of apical and intercalary segments of G. perplexa , respectively. The simultaneous formation of apical, basal, and intermediate calluses is reported for the first time in axenic tissue cultures of red algae. With intercalary segments of G. tenuistipitata , basal callus induction rates were higher than those of apical and intermediate calluses in the majority of treatments, and auxins had stimulatory effects on the formation of all callus types. In apical segments of G. perplexa , intermediate callus formation was stimulated only by treatment with 1.0 µ mol of K, while apical callus formation was stimulated by indole-3-acetic acid (1.0-10.0 µ mol), 2,4-D (10.0-100.0 µ mol), or K (0.1 µ mol). Intercalary segments of G. perplexa developed only intermediate calluses, and the majority of treatments with PGR stimulated higher rates than those presented by apical segments. Potential for regeneration (development of adventitious plantlets originated from callus cells) was higher in apical calluses than in basal and intermediate calluses developed in intercalary segments of G. tenuistipitata . Moreover, auxins and cytokinin were essential to the induction of regeneration in intermediate calluses, while specific concentrations stimulated regeneration from basal and apical calluses. Plant regeneration in G. perplexa was observed only after transferring calluses from solid to liquid medium, and the majority of treatments with PGR had stimulatory effects. Regenerating plants of G. perplexa developed tetrasporangia, and released tetraspores giving rise to adult gametophytes. Our results indicate that auxins and cytokinin have a regulatory role in the growth and morphogenesis in G. tenuistipitata and G. perplexa , and diversity of responses presented by both species is related to specific developmental systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation, growth and regeneration in axenic tissue cultures of Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Gracilaria perplexa (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

2004

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Gamete sex and elevation affect genetically based variation for unreduced gamete production in a mixed‐ploidy plant

DeVries,

Kron,

Husband

2024

American J of Botany

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Premise of the StudyUnreduced gametes are the primary mechanism of neopolyploid formation. Their production in diploid populations is arguably maladaptive, but the magnitude and patterns of genetically based variation maintained in natural populations is poorly understood.MethodsWe examined variation in male and female unreduced gamete production among plants from different elevations in fireweed, Chamerion angustifolium, grown in a common environment. Using seeds from three high and three low elevation diploid populations in one study, and a single diploid population in another, we estimated realized rates of unreduced male (sperm) and female (egg) gamete production by reciprocally pollinating diploid and tetraploid plants and estimating the incidence of tetraploid seeds using flow cytometry.Key ResultsUnreduced gamete frequencies per plant were similar in the two studies (0.12% vs. 0.08%). High elevation populations had a greater percentage of fruit with seeds from unreduced gametes, but a lower percentage of seeds per fruit than low elevation populations. Female unreduced gamete frequencies differed among elevations, but male frequencies did not, and the gamete sexes were not correlated at the plant level.ConclusionsWe conclude that genetically based variation for unreduced gametes is maintained within and among natural populations, despite their fitness disadvantages, suggesting that local selection may be ineffective at purging them under some conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Seaweed micropropagation techniques and their potentials: an overview

Reddy

Jha

Fujita

et al.

Nineteenth International Seaweed Symposium

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Apical callus formation and plant regeneration controlled by plant growth regulators on axenic culture of the red alga Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation, growth and regeneration in axenic tissue cultures of Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Gracilaria perplexa (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation, growth and regeneration in axenic tissue cultures of Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Gracilaria perplexa (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Gamete sex and elevation affect genetically based variation for unreduced gamete production in a mixed‐ploidy plant

Seaweed micropropagation techniques and their potentials: an overview

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