Apocrine Adenocarcinoma of the Bilateral Axillae

Yoshida, Aichi; Kodama, Yoshifumi; Hatanaka, Shingo; Takasaki, Takashi; Kuriwaki, Kazumi; Yoshida, Hiroki

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1991.tb01641.x

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Yoshida et al also reported aSMA results identical to those seen here. 5 ''This is the first reported case of apocrine carcinoma with detailed results of immunohistochemistry using epithelial membrane antigen''…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To our knowledge, only Yoshida et al have reported a case of apocrine adenocarcinoma arising in bilateral axillae. 5 Their case occurred in an 88 year old Japanese man who complained of bilateral axillae masses, which consisted of different degrees of adenocarcinoma, foci of in situ carcinoma, and non-neoplastic but hyperplastic apocrine gland. Their histological findings were very similar to ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male Bilateral axillary apocrine adenoacarcinoma with in situ carcinoma and hyperplastic apocrine gland Nishikawa 5 69 Male Left axillary apocrine adenocarcinoma with bilateral hyperplastic apocrine gland Isei 6 82 Male Right axillary apocrine adenocarcinoma with bilateral apocrine adenoma Amo 7 …”

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Axillary apocrine carcinoma with benign apocrine tumours: a case report involving a pathological and immunohistochemical study and review of the literature

Miyamoto

2005

J Clin Pathol

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Background: Apocrine carcinoma is rare and often occurs in the axilla. This is the second apocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral axillae with associated apocrine hyperplasia to be reported. Aims/Methods: Because benign apocrine tumours may be precursors of cancer, this case was investigated immunohistochemically and histologically, and a literature (English and Japanese) review undertaken of cases with coexistent malignant and benign apocrine tumours in the axilla to elucidate the relation between apocrine carcinoma and benign apocrine tumours. Results: Only four cases of axillary apocrine carcinoma with benign apocrine tumours were identified in the literature. In each case, benign apocrine hyperplasia was situated within and surrounding the adenocarcinomatous nests. Staining for epithelial membrane antigen revealed three patterns: (1) poorly differentiated tumour cells showing strong cytoplasmic staining; (2) combined luminal surface and cytoplasmic staining of glandular cells; and (3) a strongly positive lineal staining pattern at the luminal membrane surface, comprising one or two apocrine hyperplastic secretory cells. The basal lesions of apocrine hyperplasia were strongly positive for a smooth muscle actin, whereas the periphery of adenomatous lesions showed weaker positive staining, even though the periphery of adenocarcinomatous lesions was negative. Conclusions: All five apocrine carcinomas with benign apocrine tumours occurred in elderly Japanese men who had bilateral benign apocrine tumours even if affected by unilateral axillary apocrine carcinoma. The immunohistochemical results support the notion that apocrine hyperplasia is a precursor of cancer and that apocrine carcinoma, adenoma, and hyperplasia may be successive steps in the linear progression to carcinoma.A pocrine carcinoma comprises a group of rare primary cutaneous adenocarcinomas, which show features of apocrine differentiation and most frequently arise in regions of high apocrine gland density-particularly in the axilla.1 2 Rarely, they also arise in the Moll's glands of the eyelids. Apocrine neoplasms occasionally cause diagnostic problems clinically and pathologically, because it is difficult to make a pathological distinction between benign and malignant apocrine neoplasms.3 4 Most apocrine carcinomas exist for less than one year before diagnosis. In addition, slow growing lesions can be present as painless, solitary, or multiple, solid to cystic masses, ranging in size from 1 to over 5 cm. These lesions tend to vary in colour from red to purple, and show ulceration of the overlying skin. The tumours are initially locally invasive, and systemic dissemination is often associated with regional lymph node metastases. Wide, local excision is the standard treatment for such lesions, and although apocrine carcinoma responds poorly to chemotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy may be used in cases with advanced local or regional lesions.''Apocrine carcinoma comprises a group of rare primary cutaneous adenocarcinomas, which show features of apocrin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axillary apocrine carcinoma with benign apocrine tumours: a case report involving a pathological and immunohistochemical study and review of the literature

Miyamoto

2005

J Clin Pathol

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“…Only five cases of axillary apocrine carcinoma with benign apocrine tumours are reported in the literature. [3][4][5][6][7] All these cases were of elderly Japanese men who had bilateral benign apocrine tumours. The Japanese authors suggested that apocrine hyperplasia is a precursor of cancer and that apocrine adenoma, hyperplasia and carcinoma may be successive steps in the linear progression to carcinoma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bilateral multiple axillary apocrine hidrocystomas associated with benign apocrine hyperplasia

Obaidat

2006

J Clin Pathol

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“…Using paraffin-embedded sections and various monoclonal antibodies, such as CEA, EMA, BRST-2 and BRST-3, the diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma can be readily evaluated immunohistochemically. [2][3][4] BRST-2, a useful marker of apocrine carcinoma of the breast, 5 is also positive for apocrine sweat gland carcinoma but not for eccrine carcinoma. 6 However, in another report this antibody was shown not to be useful to distinguish apocrine and eccrine carcinoma since both normal apocrine and eccrine glands were positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%